When restoring coastal wetlands, approaches can vary in construction technique, planting strategy, and site placement within an anthropogenically altered landscape comprising both relict wetlands and developed habitat. Constructed marshes are often composed of discrete terraces or mounds formed with excavated sediments, or beneficial uses (BU) dredge material can be used to fill continuous areas to emergent marsh elevation. Either construction approach can be seeded or planted with native species, or colonization can occur naturally. Sites can vary in the degree of hydrological isolation due to the presence of structures (e.g., roads or buildings) that limit connectivity to other marsh areas. Data collected across multiple sites on the upper Texas (USA) coast were used to assess how coastal wetland restoration “success,” measured as emergent plant cover, biomass, and species richness, was influenced by the localized configuration of individual restoration sites and by the placement of each site within a landscape matrix of reference wetlands and developed areas. Plant biomass and cover in BU marshes were similar to reference conditions and up to 70% higher than in excavated formations, regardless of planting technique or location in the landscape. Species richness was highest at the reference sites and lowest at planted beneficial uses sites, but none of the restoration sites had species assemblages similar to reference areas. Restoration outcomes were relatively robust to anthropogenic alterations of the landscape. Individual restoration sites were highly dissimilar from each other, and although some had very low (< 20%) emergent plant cover, these sites provided habitat for aquatic wildlife. This analysis demonstrates the importance of utilizing a range of restoration approaches within the broader landscape to achieve desirable ecosystem-level restoration outcomes.

在恢复沿海湿地时，在人为改变的景观中，包括残余湿地和发达的栖息地，施工技术、种植策略和场地布置可能会有所不同。人工沼泽通常由挖掘沉积物形成的离散梯田或土丘组成，或者可使用有益用途 (BU) 疏浚材料填充连续区域，直至出现沼泽高地。两种施工方法都可以播种或种植本地物种，也可以自然地进行殖民。由于存在限制与其他沼泽地区连通性的结构（例如，道路或建筑物），站点的水文隔离程度可能会有所不同。在上德克萨斯州（美国）海岸的多个地点收集的数据用于评估沿海湿地恢复如何“成功，”以新兴植物覆盖、生物量和物种丰富度衡量，受个别恢复地点的局部配置以及每个地点在参考湿地和发达地区的景观矩阵中的位置的影响。BU 沼泽中的植物生物量和覆盖率与参考条件相似，比挖掘地层高 70%，无论种植技术或景观位置如何。参考地点的物种丰富度最高，种植的有益用途地点最低，但没有一个恢复地点的物种组合与参考区域相似。恢复结果对景观的人为改变相对稳健。各个恢复点彼此高度不同，尽管有些恢复点的挺水植物覆盖率非常低（< 20%），这些地点为水生野生动物提供了栖息地。该分析表明在更广泛的景观中利用一系列恢复方法来实现理想的生态系统级恢复结果的重要性。