To determine whether the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma is a suitable model organism for evaluating the effects of environmental chemicals on marine teleosts, we examined the effect of salinity on physiological development and zinc toxicity. Growth as measured by total body length was significantly lower in fresh water compared to brackish water. Reproductive success was also significantly reduced in fresh water, although we observed cells in the pituitary producing gonadotropins such as Gpa (common glycoprotein hormone α), Fshb (follicle stimulating hormone β), and Lhb (luteinizing hormone β) at all salinities. These results indicate that O. melastigma is adaptable to various salinities from fresh to seawater, and brackish water is best for physiological processes including growth performance and reproduction. When zinc was dissolved in saltwater, a white precipitate formed immediately, and the dissolved concentration decreased in the supernatant and increased at precipitate. We performed zinc toxicity tests on early life stage and adult stage in fresh water, brackish water, and seawater. Among adults, the lowest observed effect concentration for mortality in freshwater (15.3 mg/L) was lower than in brackish water (>48 mg/L) or seawater (>48 mg/L). Similarly, among embryos and larvae, the lowest observed effect concentration for mortality in freshwater (4.8 mg/L) was lower than in brackish water (48 mg/L) or seawater (48 mg/L). These results highlight the importance of using marine organisms to evaluate the ecological effects of marine pollutants.

为了确定海洋青鳉是否是评估环境化学物质对海洋硬骨鱼影响的合适模式生物，我们检查了盐度对生理发育和锌毒性的影响。与半咸水相比，淡水中以总身长衡量的生长速度显着降低。尽管我们在所有盐度下观察到垂体中的细胞产生促性腺激素，如 Gpa（常见糖蛋白激素 α）、Fshb（促卵泡激素 β）和 Lhb（促黄体激素 β），但淡水中的生殖成功率也显着降低。这些结果表明O. melastigma适应从淡水到海水的各种盐度，而微咸水最适合生长性能和繁殖等生理过程。锌溶于盐水后，立即形成白色沉淀，上清液中溶解浓度降低，沉淀时浓度升高。我们在淡水、微咸水和海水中对生命早期和成年期进行了锌毒性测试。在成年人中，淡水中观察到的最低死亡率效应浓度 (15.3 mg/L) 低于咸水 (>48 mg/L) 或海水 (>48 mg/L)。同样，在胚胎和幼虫中，淡水中观察到的最低死亡率效应浓度 (4.8 mg/L) 低于咸水 (48 mg/L) 或海水 (48 mg/L)。