Tuberculosis remains one of the most significant causes of mortality worldwide and the current situation shows a re-emergence of TB due to the emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains and the widespread of disease caused by immunodeficiencies. For these reasons, a big effort is made to improve the therapeutic strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to perform new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. This review analyzes the various hematopoietic populations, their role and the different changes they undergo during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or disease. We have examined the population of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets, in orderto understand how each of them is modulated during the course of infection/disease. In this way it will be possible to highlight the correlations between these cell populations and the different stages of tubercular infection. In fact, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to influence both proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Several studies have highlighted that Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also infect progenitor cells in the bone marrow during active disease driving towards an increase of myeloid differentiation. This review focuses how the different stages of tubercular infection could impact on the different hematopoietic populations, with the aim to correlate the changes of different populations as biomarkers useful to discriminate infection from disease and to evaluate the effectiveness of new therapies.

结核病仍然是全世界最重要的死亡原因之一，目前的情况表明，由于新的抗生素耐药菌株的出现和免疫缺陷引起的疾病的广泛传播，结核病再次出现。由于这些原因，人们努力改进针对结核分枝杆菌的治疗策略并实施新的治疗和诊断策略。本综述分析了各种造血人群、它们的作用以及它们在结核分枝杆菌感染过程中所经历的不同变化感染或疾病。我们检查了淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和血小板的数量，以了解它们在感染/疾病过程中是如何被调节的。通过这种方式，将有可能突出这些细胞群与结核感染不同阶段之间的相关性。事实上，结核分枝杆菌能够影响造血干细胞的增殖和分化。多项研究表明，结核分枝杆菌还可以在活动性疾病期间感染骨髓中的祖细胞，从而促进骨髓分化。本综述重点关注结核感染的不同阶段如何影响不同的造血人群，旨在将不同人群的变化作为生物标志物进行关联，作为区分感染与疾病的生物标志物，并评估新疗法的有效性。