Consonant gemination in Italian affricates and fricatives was investigated, completing the overall study of gemination of Italian consonants. Results of the analysis of other consonant categories, i.e. stops, nasals, and liquids, showed that closure duration for stops and consonant duration for nasals and liquids, form the most salient acoustic cues to gemination. Frequency and energy domain parameters were not significantly affected by gemination in a systematic way for all consonant classes. Results on fricatives and affricates confirmed the above findings, i.e., that the primary acoustic correlate of gemination is durational in nature and corresponds to a lengthened consonant duration for fricative geminates and a lengthened closure duration for affricate geminates. An inverse correlation between consonant and pre-consonant vowel durations was present for both consonant categories, and also for both singleton and geminate word sets when considered separately. This effect was reinforced for combined sets, confirming the hypothesis that a durational compensation between different phonemes may serve to preserve rhythmical structures. Classification tests of single vs. geminate consonants using the durational acoustic cues as classification parameters confirmed their validity, and highlighted peculiarities of the two consonant classes. In particular, a relatively poor classification performance was observed for affricates, which led to refining the analysis by considering dental vs. non-dental affricates in two different sets. Results support the hypothesis that dental affricates, in Italian, may not appear in intervocalic position as singletons but only in their geminate form.

研究了意大利塞擦音和擦音中的辅音产生，完成了意大利辅音产生的整体研究。对其他辅音类别（即塞音、鼻音和液体）的分析结果表明，塞音的闭合持续时间和鼻音和液体的辅音持续时间形成了最显着的声学线索。对于所有辅音类别，频率和能量域参数并没有以系统的方式受到双生的显着影响。擦音和塞擦音的结果证实了上述发现，即，双生的主要声学相关性本质上是持续的，并且对应于加长的擦音双辅音持续时间和加长的闭塞持续时间。辅音和前辅音元音持续时间之间存在负相关，对于两个辅音类别，以及单独考虑时的单音和双生词集。这种效果在组合组中得到加强，证实了不同音素之间的持续补偿可能有助于保持节奏结构的假设。使用持续时间声学线索作为分类参数的单辅音与双辅音的分类测试证实了它们的有效性，并突出了两个辅音类别的特点。特别是，观察到塞擦语的分类性能相对较差，这导致通过在两个不同的集合中考虑牙科与非牙科塞擦语来改进分析。结果支持了这样的假设，即牙科 affricates，在意大利语中，