By the theory of localized waves and the vectorial solution of the Maxwell equation, we develop and explore the vector characteristics of the new square Hermite–Gaussian vortex pulsed beam possessing orbital angular momentum (OAM). To investigate the propagation performance of this new beam, the measurement probability model of OAM states for square Hermite–Gaussian vortex pulsed beam propagation through oceanic turbulence is built. We discover through the numerical simulation that a large propagation distance causes a large delay of arrival time for this vortex pulsed beam. Under the same conditions, both the measurement signal probability and the measurement crosstalk probability of OAM states reach the peak at the arrival time. The wide initial half-pulse width and the low OAM quantum number can improve a measurement signal probability and decrease a measurement crosstalk probability of OAM states. Oceanic turbulence with a weak dissipation rate of mean-squared temperature, a small temperature and salinity ratio, a long inner scale and a strong dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy has a weak disturbance on the measurement signal probability and a strong disturbance on the measurement crosstalk probability of OAM states for the square Hermite–Gaussian vortex pulsed beam.

通过局域波理论和麦克斯韦方程的矢量解，我们发展并探索了具有轨道角动量（OAM）的新型方形 Hermite-Gaussian 涡旋脉冲光束的矢量特性。为了研究这种新光束的传播性能，建立了方形 Hermite-Gaussian 涡旋脉冲光束通过海洋湍流传播的 OAM 状态测量概率模型。我们通过数值模拟发现，较大的传播距离会导致该涡旋脉冲光束的到达时间延迟较大。在相同条件下，OAM状态的测量信号概率和测量串扰概率均在到达时间达到峰值。宽的初始半脉宽和低的OAM量子数可以提高测量信号概率，降低OAM态的测量串扰概率。均方温度耗散率弱、温盐比小、内尺度长、湍动能耗散率强的大洋湍流对测量信号概率干扰弱，对测量串扰干扰强方形 Hermite-Gaussian 涡旋脉冲光束的 OAM 状态概率。