A comparative case study (2017–2020) was conducted to identify demographic, social, medico-legal, and toxicological variables associated with non-fatal accidents in driving under the influence (DUI) subjects. A second aim was to identify the factors predictive of substance use disorders among subjects. Drivers charged with alcohol DUI (blood alcohol concentration (BAC) > 0.5) and/or psychoactive substance DUI were included; cases included those involved in an accident while intoxicated, and the comparison group included DUI offenders negative for road accident involvement. Significance was determined by chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. To prevent confounding effects, a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Our sample encompassed 882 subjects (381 in the case group and 501 in the comparison group). Parameters such as psychoactive substances and BAC at the time of the road crash/DUI and the day of the week, when subjects were involved in the road accident or found DUI, resulted in significant differences (p < 0.01) between groups. The model’s independent variables of BAC > 1.5 g/L (p = 0.013), BAC > 2.5 g/L (p < 0.001), and concurrent alcohol and psychoactive substance use (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for an accident. Smoking >20 cigarettes/day was an independent risk factor for unfitness to drive (p < 0.01). Unfitness to drive was based primarily on ethyl glucuronide levels >30 pg/mg. Our results suggest a detailed assessment of DUI subjects with variables associated with accidents (BAC > 1.5 g/L and concurrent intake of psychoactive substances). Hair analysis, including ethylglucuronide (EtG) concentration, should be always performed. Based on our results, nicotine use should be investigated in cases of driving license regranting.

进行了一项比较案例研究（2017-2020），以确定与酒后驾驶（DUI）受试者非致命事故相关的人口统计学、社会、医学法律和毒理学变量。第二个目标是确定受试者中物质使用障碍的预测因素。被指控酒后驾车（血液酒精浓度 (BAC) > 0.5）和/或精神活性物质酒后驾车的驾驶员也包括在内；病例包括醉酒时发生事故的人，对照组包括未涉及道路事故的酒后驾车罪犯。显着性由卡方检验和曼-惠特尼检验确定。为了防止混杂效应，进行了多元二元逻辑回归分析。我们的样本包括 882 名受试者（病例组 381 名，对​​照组 501 名）。道路交通事故/酒后驾车时的精神活性物质和 BAC 等参数以及受试者发生道路事故或发现酒后驾车时的一周中的某一天，导致组间存在显着差异 (p < 0.01  ) 。该模型的自变量 BAC > 1.5 g/L ( p  = 0.013)、BAC > 2.5 g/L ( p  < 0.001) 以及同时使用酒精和精神活性物质 ( p  < 0.001) 是事故的独立危险因素。每天吸烟 >20 支是不适合驾驶的独立危险因素 ( p  < 0.01)。不适合驾驶主要是基于乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷水平>30 pg/mg。我们的结果建议对与事故相关的变量（BAC > 1.5 g/L 和同时摄入精神活性物质）的 DUI 受试者进行详细评估。应始终进行头发分析，包括乙基葡萄糖醛酸 (EtG) 浓度。根据我们的结果，在重新颁发驾驶执照的情况下，应调查尼古丁的使用情况。