The properties of light reflected from snow and ice surfaces are important for the understanding of light scattering theory and the interpretation of remote sensing in the cryosphere. Spectral measurements of the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) and its related Stokes parameters $P_q=-Q/I$ and $P_u=U/I$ of Stokes vector ${\mathbf{I}}_S={\left[IQUV\right]}^T$ were made for various snow and ice surfaces in Hokkaido, Japan. The measurement results indicated that the angular dependence on both the viewing angle and azimuth angle in the DoLP, $P_q$ and $P_u$ was significant especially in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions. In addition, an important finding here is that the measurements revealed for the first time the existence of neutral points of $P_q$ and $P_u$ in the snow and bare ice surface. The SWIR polarization features can be explained by the single scattering properties of snow/ice or surface reflection associated with surface scattering. For the snow cases, the DoLP was represented by the measurement geometry and the scattering phase matrix while for the bare ice case, the DoLP was represented by the measurement geometry and the Fresnel reflection matrix. An additional remark is that the angular dependence of the neutral points was linked exclusively to the measurement geometry regardless of snow particle size, shape and scattering/absorbing inclusions in the ice. In contrast, the polarization in the visible regions was so small but remained detectable. However, the angular dependence of the neutral points was somewhat different from that in near infrared and SWIR regions. These results suggested that the neutral points depend on the polarization magnitude and the plane of polarization that related to the multiple scattering in the snow and atmosphere. The polarimetric measurements related to the neutral points are expected to be useful for the retrieval of new snow/ice physical parameters.

从冰雪表面反射的光的特性对于理解光散射理论和冰冻圈遥感解释很重要。线性偏振度 (DoLP) 及其相关斯托克斯参数的光谱测量${磷}_q=-问/\mathrm{一世}$ 和 ${磷}_{你}=你/\mathrm{一世}$ 斯托克斯矢量 ${\mathbf{一世}}_{秒}={\left[\mathrm{一世}问你伏\right]}^{吨}$用于日本北海道的各种冰雪表面。测量结果表明，在 DoLP 中，角度对视角和方位角的依赖性，${磷}_q$ 和 ${磷}_{你}$特别是在短波红外（SWIR）区域。此外，这里的一个重要发现是测量首次揭示了中性点的存在。${磷}_q$ 和 ${磷}_{你}$在雪地和裸露的冰面上。SWIR 偏振特征可以通过雪/冰的单一散射特性或与表面散射相关的表面反射来解释。对于雪情况，DoLP 由测量几何和散射相位矩阵表示，而对于裸冰情况，DoLP 由测量几何和菲涅耳反射矩阵表示。附加说明是，中性点的角度依赖性与测量几何形状完全相关，而不管雪的颗粒大小、形状和散射/吸收冰中的夹杂物。相比之下，可见光区域的偏振非常小，但仍然可以检测到。然而，中性点的角度依赖性与近红外和 SWIR 区域的角度依赖性有些不同。这些结果表明，中性点取决于与雪和大气中的多次散射相关的偏振强度和偏振平面。与中性点相关的极化测量有望用于检索新的冰雪物理参数。