There has been lately a phenomenal rise in the use of natural dyes in different areas, although the principal problem with these natural dyes is their high cost for the production. The main idea of this study is to convert the waste of saffron flower to an eco-friendly natural colorant for sustainable textile coloration of wool fabric. This work studies the stability of saffron flower extract (SFE) by UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, the use of mordants, and the color fastness of wool fabric dyed. SFE has good thermal and pH stability under acidic conditions; it would be suitable for textile dyeing processes. The optimized dyeing conditions such as: dye concentration of 6 % for direct dyeing and 2 % for mordant dyeing (dyeing in the presence of mordant), pH value of 3, dyeing temperature of 90 °C, and dyeing time of 60 min are obtained for better dyeing performance of wool with about 60 % bath exhaustion rate after pre-mordanting. A range of colors from brown to green are obtained with good fastness to washing, wet and dry rubbing, acid and alkaline perspiration, and an acceptable color fastness to light. In general, the abundantly available agricultural by-product SFE has considerable potential to be utilized as a natural textile dyestuff.

近来天然染料在不同领域的使用显着增加，尽管这些天然染料的主要问题是它们的生产成本高。本研究的主要思想是将藏红花的废料转化为一种环保的天然着色剂，用于羊毛织物的可持续纺织着色。这项工作通过紫外-可见光谱分析、热重分析和差示扫描量热法研究了藏红花提取物 (SFE) 的稳定性、媒染剂的使用以及染色羊毛织物的色牢度。SFE在酸性条件下具有良好的热稳定性和pH稳定性；它适用于纺织染色工艺。优化的染色条件，例如：直接染色的染料浓度为 6%，媒染剂的染料浓度为 2%（在媒染剂存在下染色），pH 值为 3，染色温度为 90 °C，染色时间为 60 min，以获得更好的羊毛染色性能，预媒染后浴浸染率约为 60%。获得从棕色到绿色的一系列颜色，具有良好的耐水洗、干湿摩擦、酸碱汗渍牢度，以及可接受的耐光色牢度。一般来说，大量可用的农业副产品 SFE 作为天然纺织染料具有相当大的潜力。