Airborne microorganisms can cause important conservation problems in caves with Paleolithic art and therefore the knowledge of cave aerodynamic is essential. La Garma Cave (Cantabria, Spain), an exceptional archaeological site with several levels of galleries interconnected and two entrances, presents a complex atmospheric dynamics. An approach including aerobiological sampling together with microclimate monitoring was applied to assess the factors controlling the origin of airborne fungi. Here we show that winter ventilation is critical for the increasing of Basidiomycota spores in the cave air and the highest concentrations were found in the most ventilated areas. On the contrary, Ascomycota spores prevailed in absence of ventilation. Besides, most Ascomycota were linked to insects and bats that visit or inhabit the cave. The combination of aerobiological and microclimate data constitutes a good approach to evaluate the influence of external climatic conditions and design the most suitable strategies for the conservation of cultural heritage in the cave environment.

空气中的微生物会在旧石器时代艺术的洞穴中引起重要的保护问题，因此洞穴空气动力学知识是必不可少的。La Garma 洞穴（西班牙坎塔布里亚）是一个特殊的考古遗址，有多个相互连接的画廊和两个入口，呈现出复杂的大气动态。采用包括有氧采样和小气候监测在内的方法来评估控制空气传播真菌来源的因素。在这里，我们表明冬季通风对于洞穴空气中担子菌孢子的增加至关重要，并且在最通风的区域发现最高浓度。相反，子囊菌孢子在没有通风的情况下占优势。此外，大多数子囊菌与访问或居住在洞穴中的昆虫和蝙蝠有关。空气生物学和小气候数据的结合构成了评估外部气候条件影响并设计最适合洞穴环境中文化遗产保护的策略的好方法。