Aerobic or partially-aerobic rice cultivation techniques like direct-seeding of rice (DSR) and system of rice intensification (SRI) are gaining recognition, particularly for water-saving. However, their productivity is often constrained by several deficiencies in the soil-plant system (crop nutrition in particular). The study aimed to assess crop eco-physiology and soil-plant nutrient dynamics in rice-lentil system in an alkaline Fluvisol as influenced by different rice cultivation techniques (RCT) viz., DSR, SRI and conventional transplanted flooded-rice (PTR). The lower (9–11 %) yield of DSR crop compared to PTR crop was attributed to reduced root growth, effective tiller, and panicle and seed weights. Likewise, the SRI crop yield was lower (4–7 %) than the PTR crop. The reduced availability of soil KMnO₄-N (7%) and Olsen-P (9%) in the rice seasons caused lower N (12–14 %), P (10 %), K (5–7 %) accumulations in DSR crop as compared to PTR crop (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the SRI cultivation practice caused a decrease in Olsen-P (6%) during the rice seasons and lower crop macro-nutrient acquisition compared to the PTR crop. Sensor-based indices indicated a suboptimal N nutrition and higher leaf flavonoids accumulation in the DSR crop. The DSR crop exhibited higher post-anthesis nutrients (N, P) remobilization, physiological and internal nutrient utilization efficiencies over the SRI and PTR crops. The higher nodulation (21–31 %), root growth (8–10 %), and yield of lentil (10–16 %) in the DSR treatment compared to the SRI and PTR treatments suggested adverse impacts of wet-tillage (puddling) on the subsequent crop. The system productivity and economic gain were comparable in all the RCT treatments; however, the DSR and SRI cultivation practices increased the water productivity by 64 % and 44 % over the PTR. Thus, in alkaline soil, particular attention is warranted to improve N and P nutrition in non-flooded rice crops (DSR in particular) to sustain their yield potential. Also, real-time N management using sensor-based indices and trait-based cultivar selection (root growth and source-sink translocation) could be strategic options for improving DSR productivity.

水稻直播 (DSR) 和水稻集约化系统 (SRI) 等需氧或部分需氧水稻种植技术正在获得认可，特别是在节水方面。然而，它们的生产力往往受到土壤-植物系统（尤其是作物营养）的若干缺陷的制约。该研究旨在评估受不同水稻栽培技术 (RCT) 影响的碱性Fluvisol中水稻 - 扁豆系统的作物生态生理学和土壤 - 植物营养动态，即，DSR、SRI 和传统移栽淹水水稻 (PTR)。与 PTR 作物相比，DSR 作物的产量较低 (9–11%) 归因于根生长、有效分蘖以及穗和种子重量的减少。同样，SRI 作物产量低于 PTR 作物（4-7%）。水稻季节土壤 KMnO ₄ -N (7%) 和 Olsen-P (9%) 的可用性降低导致 N (12–14 %)、P (10 %)、K (5–7 %) 积累量减少DSR 作物与 PTR 作物相比 ( p< 0.05)。同时，与 PTR 作物相比，SRI 栽培实践导致水稻季节期间 Olsen-P (6%) 的减少和作物常量营养素的获取量减少。基于传感器的指数表明 DSR 作物中氮营养欠佳，叶黄酮积累量较高。与 SRI 和 PTR 作物相比，DSR 作物表现出更高的开花后养分（N、P）再动员、生理和内部养分利用效率。与 SRI 和 PTR 处理相比，DSR 处理中更高的结瘤 (21-31%)、根生长 (8-10%) 和小扁豆产量 (10-16%) 表明湿耕（搅土）的不利影响在随后的作物上。所有 RCT 治疗的系统生产力和经济收益都具有可比性；然而，与 PTR 相比，DSR 和 SRI 栽培实践将水生产力提高了 64% 和 44%。因此，在碱性土壤中，需要特别注意改善非淹水水稻作物（特别是 DSR）的 N 和 P 营养，以维持其产量潜力。此外，使用基于传感器的指数和基于性状的品种选择（根生长和源库易位）的实时氮管理可能是提高 DSR 生产力的战略选择。