There has been a recent surge of interest in Nature-based Solutions, a concept encompassing a broad suite of ideas that have arisen from the intersection of ecology, engineering, sociology and economics. Solutions founded in nature are promised to resolve many issues resulting from global change, including reducing flood risk and air pollution, building social cohesion and enhancing resilience. However, what a Nature-based Solution means in practice remains unstructured and vaguely defined. Specifically, what is meant by Nature-based is not well defined and there has been little effort to rigorously understand how a solution is created. In response, we propose an integrated conceptual framework, extending the service-benefit relationship to include solutions, while acknowledging that multiple types of service exist (ecosystem services, technological services and labour). We present a method to measure the degree to which a solution is Nature-based: calculate the relative contribution of ecosystem services, compared with technological services and labour. The method and framework are applied to projects dealing with problems related to water pollution, demonstrating their applicability. The framework can be a useful tool to guide environmental managers in identifying both the scale and context at which, and the problems to which, Nature-based Solutions are applicable.

最近，人们对基于自然的解决方案产生了浓厚的兴趣，这一概念涵盖了从生态学、工程学、社会学和经济学的交叉领域产生的广泛思想。以自然为基础的解决方案有望解决全球变化导致的许多问题，包括降低洪水风险和空气污染、建立社会凝聚力和增强复原力。然而，基于自然的解决方案在实践中的含义仍然是非结构化和模糊定义的。具体来说，基于自然的含义没有得到很好的定义，并且几乎没有努力去严格理解解决方案是如何创建的。作为回应，我们提出了一个集成的概念框架，将服务-利益关系扩展到包括解决方案，同时承认存在多种类型的服务（生态系统服务、技术服务和劳动力）。我们提出了一种衡量解决方案基于自然的程度的方法：与技术服务和劳动力相比，计算生态系统服务的相对贡献。该方法和框架应用于处理与水污染有关的问题的项目，证明了它们的适用性。该框架可以成为指导环境管理者确定基于自然的解决方案适用的规模和背景以及问题的有用工具。证明它们的适用性。该框架可以成为指导环境管理者确定基于自然的解决方案适用的规模和背景以及问题的有用工具。证明它们的适用性。该框架可以成为指导环境管理者确定基于自然的解决方案适用的规模和背景以及问题的有用工具。