The preparation of hierarchical porous covalent organic frameworks (HP-COFs) is of great significance due to their inherent porosity and low density. However, it is still very challenging owing to the poor machinability of COFs. Herein, a simple and cost-efficient strategy for the synthesis of HP-COFs was proposed. In particular, p-toluenesulfonic acid and NaCl, both of which can be recycled, are utilized as catalyst and template, respectively. The resulting HP-TpBD-900 featuring abundant macropore and mesopore as well as large specific surface area (~700 m² g^-1) possessed self-floating ability and was turned out to be a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of sulfamerazine (SMR) in aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity is 168 mg g^-1, which is more than twice in comparison to that of material prepared without NaCl template. In addition, no significant decrease in adsorption capacity was observed after 5 cycles. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) method was utilized to elucidate the adsorption mechanism, which could be dominated by hydrogen bonding and C-H···π interaction. This work not only provides a new strategy for the synthesis of HP-COFs, but also contributes to boosting the application of COFs in the field of wastewater treatment.

由于其固有的孔隙率和低密度，分级多孔共价有机骨架（HP-COFs）的制备具有重要意义。然而，由于 COF 的可加工性差，这仍然非常具有挑战性。在此，提出了一种简单且经济高效的 HP-COF 合成策略。特别是对甲苯磺酸和NaCl，两者都可以回收利用，分别用作催化剂和模板。由此产生的 HP-TpBD-900 具有丰富的大孔和中孔以及大比表面积 (~700 m ² g ^-1 ) 具有自漂浮能力，被证明是一种有前途的有效去除磺胺嘧啶 (SMR) 的吸附剂) 在水溶液中。最大吸附容量为 168 mg/g^-1，与不使用 NaCl 模板制备的材料相比是两倍多。此外，在 5 个循环后没有观察到吸附容量的显着下降。此外，利用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法阐明了吸附机理，吸附机理可能以氢键和CH…π相互作用为主。这项工作不仅为HP-COFs的合成提供了一种新的策略，而且有助于促进COFs在废水处理领域的应用。