The effects of intergroup dialogues on intercultural relations in digital societies and the growing conflict, inflammatory and hate speech phenomena characterizing these environments are receiving increasing attention in socio-psychological studies. Based on Allport’s contact theory, scholars have shown that online intercultural contact reduces ethnic prejudice and discrimination, although it is not yet clear when and how this occurs. By analyzing the role of the Dialogical Self in online intercultural dialogues, we aim to understand how individuals position themselves and others at three levels of inclusiveness—personal, social, and human—and how this process is associated with attitudes towards the interlocutor, intergroup bias and prejudice, whilst also considering the inclusion of the Other in the Self and ethnic/racial identity. An experimental procedure was administered via the Qualtrics platform, and data were collected among 118 undergraduate Italian students through an anonymous questionnaire. From ANOVA and moderation analysis, it emerged that the social level of inclusiveness was positively associated with ethnic/racial identity and intergroup bias. Furthermore, the human level of inclusiveness was associated with the inclusion of the Other in the Self and ethnic/racial identity, and unexpectedly, also with intergroup bias. We conclude that when people interact online as “human beings”, the positive effect of online dialogue fails, hindering the differentiation processes necessary to define one’s own and the interlocutor’s identities. We discuss the effects of intercultural dialogue in the landscape of digital societies and the relevance of our findings for theory, research and practice.

中文翻译：

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数字社会景观中的群际对话：对话自我如何影响在线环境中的跨文化关系？

群体间对话对数字社会中的跨文化关系的影响以及以这些环境为特征的日益加剧的冲突、煽动性和仇恨言论现象在社会心理学研究中越来越受到关注。基于奥尔波特的接触理论，学者们已经表明，在线跨文化接触可以减少种族偏见和歧视，尽管目前尚不清楚这种情况何时以及如何发生。通过分析对话自我在在线跨文化对话中的作用，我们旨在了解个人如何将自己和他人置于三个包容性层次——个人、社会和人类——以及这个过程如何与对对话者的态度、群体间偏见相关联和偏见，同时还考虑将他者纳入自我和种族/种族身份。通过 Qualtrics 平台管理实验程序，并通过匿名问卷收集了 118 名意大利本科学生的数据。从方差分析和适度分析，发现包容性的社会水平与种族/种族认同和群体间偏见呈正相关。此外，人类的包容性水平与将他者纳入自我和种族/种族身份有关，并且出乎意料地还与群体间偏见有关。我们得出的结论是，当人们以“人”的身份在线互动时，在线对话的积极作用就会失效，阻碍了定义自己和对话者身份所必需的分化过程。我们讨论了跨文化对话在数字社会景观中的影响以及我们的发现与理论的相关性，