Objective

To determine the degree of similarity of biologically related individuals according to the occurrence of skeletal developmental anomalies (SDA), to see whether these anomalies reflect documented biological relationships.

Material and methods

The sample consists of the skeletal remains of seven members of the noble Swéerts-Sporck family from the 17th-20th centuries. Eighty-nine SDA were examined using morphological assessment, X-ray and CT. The degree of similarity was calculated using a similarity coefficient (Cvrček et al., 2018).

Results

There were three shared SDA in the sample (cranial shift at the C-T border, cervical ribs, hypoplasia of rib 12), and another fifteen individual SDA were reported. The degree of similarity between individuals supports their documented relationships. The greatest similarity was found in closely related individuals such as father/son or siblings, and the least between unrelated individuals.

Conclusions

SDA can be used as a supportive tool for detecting family relationships. The results correspond to the conclusions of earlier analyses of non-metric traits and frontal sinuses in the same sample: the smaller the biological distance between individuals, the greater the degree of their similarity.

Significance

Using unique human skeletal collections, this communication contributes to the expansion of knowledge about the familial occurrence of SDA.

Limitations

The small number of individuals limits the use of statistical approaches.

Suggestions for further research

The results call for research on this topic using a larger sample with known genealogical data and the same approaches, to confirm our conclusions.

中文翻译：

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贵族 Swéerts-Sporck 家族（波西米亚，17 至 20 世纪）的亲属关系和骨骼发育异常的家族发生

客观的

根据骨骼发育异常（SDA）的发生来确定生物学相关个体的相似程度，看看这些异常是否反映了记录的生物学关系。

材料与方法

该样本包括 17 至 20 世纪贵族 Swéerts-Sporck 家族的七名成员的骨骼遗骸。使用形态学评估、X 射线和 CT 检查了 89 个 SDA。使用相似系数计算相似度（Cvrček et al., 2018）。

结果

样本中有 3 个共享的 SDA（CT 边界处的颅骨移位、颈肋、第 12 肋发育不全），并报告了另外 15 个单独的 SDA。个人之间的相似程度支持他们记录在案的关系。在父子或兄弟姐妹等密切相关的个体中发现的相似性最大，而在无关个体之间的相似性最小。

结论

SDA 可用作检测家庭关系的支持工具。结果与之前对同一样本中非度量特征和额窦的分析得出的结论一致：个体之间的生物学距离越小，它们的相似程度就越大。

意义

使用独特的人类骨骼收藏，这种交流有助于扩展关于 SDA 家族性发生的知识。

限制

人数少限制了统计方法的使用。

进一步研究的建议

结果要求使用具有已知系谱数据和相同方法的更大样本对此主题进行研究，以证实我们的结论。