Malnutrition refers to a dearth, excess, or altered differential ratios of calories, macronutrients, or micronutrients. Malnutrition, particularly during early life, is a pressing global health and socioeconomic burden that is increasingly associated with neurodevelopmental impairments. Understanding how perinatal malnutrition influences brain development is crucial to uncovering fundamental mechanisms for establishing behavioral neurocircuits, with the potential to inform public policy and clinical interventions for neurodevelopmental conditions. Recent studies reveal that the gut microbiome can mediate dietary effects on host physiology and that the microbiome modulates the development and function of the nervous system. This review discusses evidence that perinatal malnutrition alters brain development and examines the maternal and neonatal microbiome as a potential contributing factor.

营养不良是指卡路里、常量营养素或微量营养素的缺乏、过量或差异比例改变。营养不良，尤其是在生命早期，是一个紧迫的全球健康和社会经济负担，与神经发育障碍的关系越来越密切。了解围产期营养不良如何影响大脑发育对于揭示建立行为神经回路的基本机制至关重要，并有可能为神经发育状况的公共政策和临床干预提供信息。最近的研究表明，肠道微生物组可以调节饮食对宿主生理的影响，并且微生物组可以调节神经系统的发育和功能。