The current investigation gave a full ultrastructural and histological description of the oropharyngeal cavity of the rock-pigeon Columba livia dakhlae. Our study carried on 10 heads of adult rock pigeons by gross, scanning, and light microscopic examination, in addition to the immunohistochemical analysis of the cytokeratin of the dorsal surface mucosa epithelium and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression (PCNA) immunoreactivity. The pointed apex of the elongated tongue covered rostrally and laterally with numerous caudally directed scales-like papillae. The dorsal surface of the apex and body was covered with numerous caudally directed scales-like filiform papillae. The U-shaped transverse papillary crest carried caudally directed pointed triangular conical papillae with two giant papillae. The elevated caudal area of the lingual body contains little numbers of the opening of the lingual gland. The laryngeal mound is divided into two symmetrical halves by rostral fissure and caudal laryngeal fissure into the right and left half. There were four palatine ridges: two lateral, middle, and median ridges. The choanal field bounded by the two lateral palatine ridges and containing the median choanae. The rostral part of the palatine cleft bounded laterally by a line of the small caudally directed conical papillae, while the caudal part was free from these papillae. There was a little number of taste buds in the palate. The high magnification of the rostral part of the beak is covered with directed rods-like projections. In conclusion, the obtained results described the adaptations of the tongue and its belonged structures with the feeding demand of the rock-pigeon.

中文翻译：

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岩鸽 Columba livia dakhlae 口咽腔的超微结构和组织学描述，特别是其适应性饮食适应性

目前的调查对岩鸽Columba livia dakhlae的口咽腔进行了完整的超微结构和组织学描述. 除了对背表面粘膜上皮细胞角蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原表达 (PCNA) 免疫反应性进行免疫组织化学分析外，我们还通过大体、扫描和光学显微镜检查对 10 只成年岩鸽进行了研究。细长舌尖的尖端在口侧和侧方覆盖有许多尾端指向的鳞片状乳头。顶端和身体的背面覆盖有许多尾端指向的鳞片状丝状乳头。U 形横向乳头嵴带有指向尾部的尖三角形锥形乳头和两个巨大的乳头。舌体尾部升高的区域包含少量舌腺开口。喉丘被头侧裂分为左右对称的两半，喉尾裂分为左右两半。有四个腭脊：两个侧脊、中间脊和正中脊。后鼻孔域以两个侧腭脊为界，包含正中后鼻孔。腭裂的嘴侧部分由一排小的尾端锥形乳头横向界定，而尾端部分没有这些乳头。味蕾有少许味蕾。喙的喙部的高放大倍数覆盖着定向的棒状突起。总之，所获得的结果描述了舌头及其所属结构对岩鸽取食需求的适应性。两条横脊、中脊和正中脊。后鼻孔域以两个侧腭脊为界，包含正中后鼻孔。腭裂的嘴侧部分由一排小的尾端锥形乳头横向界定，而尾端部分没有这些乳头。味蕾有少许味蕾。喙的喙部的高放大倍数覆盖着定向的棒状突起。总之，所获得的结果描述了舌头及其所属结构对岩鸽取食需求的适应性。两条横脊、中脊和正中脊。后鼻孔域以两个侧腭脊为界，包含正中后鼻孔。腭裂的嘴侧部分由一排小的尾端锥形乳头横向界定，而尾端部分没有这些乳头。味蕾有少许味蕾。喙的喙部的高放大倍数覆盖着定向的棒状突起。总之，所获得的结果描述了舌头及其所属结构对岩鸽取食需求的适应性。腭裂的嘴侧部分由一排小的尾端锥形乳头横向界定，而尾端部分没有这些乳头。味蕾有少许味蕾。喙的喙部的高放大倍数覆盖着定向的棒状突起。总之，所获得的结果描述了舌头及其所属结构对岩鸽取食需求的适应性。腭裂的嘴侧部分由一排小的尾端锥形乳头横向界定，而尾端部分没有这些乳头。味蕾有少许味蕾。喙的喙部的高放大倍数覆盖着定向的棒状突起。总之，所获得的结果描述了舌头及其所属结构对岩鸽取食需求的适应性。