Many emerging organic pollutants exist as cationic residues at environmentally relevant pH. This indicates a need to develop economically viable and robust methods to remove such residues from environmental waters. In this paper, we report using polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) containing anacardic acid (AA), sourced from cashew nut shells, as an acidic carrier for the extraction and transport of 4-amino-2-chloropyridine (ACP), paraquat and diquat as representative target solutes of organic pesticide residues in aqueous solutions. Amounts of cellulose triacetate (CTA) as polymer, 2–nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) as plasticiser, AA as carrier, and 1-dodecanol as modifier were used to prepare membranes. An optimal composition of 30 wt% CTA, 40 wt% NPOE, 10 wt% AA and 20 wt% dodecanol produced an initial flux of 364 (± 16) × 10⁻⁸ mol m⁻² s⁻¹ for transport of ACP. The extraction performance of AA was comparable to bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, a widely used acidic carrier, in PIMs of similar composition. PIMs utilizing AA were also successfully applied to a sample of environmental water for the competitive recovery of ACP, paraquat and diquat, each at 500 μg/L. Using chemicals from plants as active reagents was shown to be an effective strategy to enhance the green chemistry credentials associated with methods for water remediation.

许多新兴有机污染物在环境相关的 pH 值下以阳离子残留物的形式存在。这表明需要开发经济可行且稳健的方法来从环境水中去除此类残留物。在本文中，我们报告了使用含有来自腰果壳的漆树酸 (AA) 的聚合物包裹膜 (PIM) 作为酸性载体提取和运输 4-氨基-2-氯吡啶 (ACP)、百草枯和敌草快作为水溶液中有机农药残留的代表性目标溶质。使用一定量的三醋酸纤维素 (CTA) 作为聚合物、2-硝基苯基辛基醚 (NPOE) 作为增塑剂、AA 作为载体和 1-十二醇作为改性剂来制备膜。30 wt% CTA、40 wt% NPOE、10 wt% AA 和 20 wt% 十二醇的最佳组合产生的初始通量为 364 (± 16) × 10^-8  mol m ^-2  s ^-1用于ACP的运输。在类似组成的 PIM 中，AA 的提取性能与双-（2-乙基己基）磷酸（一种广泛使用的酸性载体）相当。利用 AA 的 PIM 也成功地应用于环境水样，用于竞争性回收 ACP、百草枯和敌草快，每种浓度均为 500 μg/L。使用来自植物的化学品作为活性试剂被证明是提高与水修复方法相关的绿色化学证书的有效策略。