Approximately thirty tefillin cases were discovered in the Judean Desert. The publishers of these finds distinguished between single-compartment cases, which they identified as “arm-tefillin,” and four-compartment cases, which they identified as “head-tefillin.” Here I present a further typological distinction between two subtypes among the four-compartment tefillin cases: (1) the “simple-type,” in which a single line of stitching separates the compartments from one another, and (2) the “split-type,” in which the compartments are separated by incisions in the leather and each compartment is stitched closed individually. It seems likely that some kind of ritual issue is at stake, and an allusion to these two types as competing halakhic practices may be found in the tannaitic literature—with the rabbis ultimately rejecting the “split-type.” The Judean Desert finds may represent a synchronic debate between competing groups, a diachronic development, or perhaps practices followed contemporaneously by members of one and the same group.

在朱迪亚沙漠中发现了大约 30 个 tefillin 盒。这些发现的出版商区分了他们确定为“arm-tefillin”的单室案例和他们确定为“head-tefillin”的四室案例。在这里，我提出了四隔间 tefillin 案例中两种亚型之间的进一步类型区别：（1）“简单型”，其中一条缝合线将隔间彼此分开，以及（2）“分离型”。 type”，其中隔间由皮革上的切口隔开，每个隔间都单独缝合封闭。似乎某种仪式问题正处于危险之中，在单奈文学中可能会发现这两种类型的相互竞争的哈拉克习俗——拉比最终拒绝了“分裂类型”。