Wildlife tourism is a thriving form of nature-based tourism that can provide revenue for conservation funds, and increase public awareness of biodiversity conservation (Xiang et al. 2011). Tourism, however, may induce behavioral and physiological stress responses on animals (Maréchal 2015; Beehner and Bergman 2017). Part of the physiological stress response is increased activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in the systemic elevation of glucocorticoids. An increase of glucocorticoids in the bloodstream leads to rapid mobilization of stored energy reserves and inhibitions of nonimmediately critical activities like growth, reproduction, and digestion in response to environmental challenges (Beehner and Bergman 2017). Although there is a debate as to whether deleterious chronic stress exists in wild populations (Beehner and Bergman 2017), measuring glucocorticoids is an important tool in assessing anthropogenic disturbance to animals (Maréchal 2015; Palme 2019). Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid secreted in primates, is metabolized by the liver and partly excreted in urine, meaning that elevations of cortisol and its metabolites produced in the stress response can be detected by using urine (Palme 2019).

中文翻译：

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旅游可能引发金丝猴长期习以为常的生理应激反应

野生动物旅游是一种蓬勃发展的自然旅游形式，可为保护基金提供收入，并提高公众对生物多样性保护的认识（Xiang 等，2011）。然而，旅游业可能会引起动物的行为和生理应激反应（Maréchal 2015；Beehner 和 Bergman 2017）。部分生理应激反应是下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴活动增加，导致全身糖皮质激素升高。血液中糖皮质激素的增加导致储存的能量储备的快速动员和非即时关键活动的抑制，如生长、繁殖和消化以应对环境挑战（Beehner and Bergman 2017）。尽管关于野生种群中是否存在有害的慢性压力存在争议（Beehner 和 Bergman 2017），但测量糖皮质激素是评估动物人为干扰的重要工具（Maréchal 2015；Palme 2019）。皮质醇是灵长类动物分泌的主要糖皮质激素，由肝脏代谢并部分通过尿液排出，这意味着可以通过尿液检测到皮质醇及其在应激反应中产生的代谢物的升高（Palme 2019）。