In this article, we show that significant deviations from the classical quasi-steady models of droplet evaporation can arise solely due to transient effects in the gas phase. The problem of fully transient evaporation of a single droplet in an infinite atmosphere is solved in a generalized, dimensionless framework with explicitly stated assumptions. The differences between the classical quasi-steady and fully transient models are quantified for a wide range of the 10-dimensional input domain and a robust predictive tool to rapidly quantify this difference is reported. In extreme cases, the classical quasi-steady model can overpredict the droplet lifetime by 80%. This overprediction increases when the energy required to bring the droplet into equilibrium with its environment becomes small compared with the energy required to cool the space around the droplet and therefore establish the quasi-steady temperature field. In the general case, it is shown that two transient regimes emerge when a droplet is suddenly immersed into an atmosphere. Initially, the droplet vaporizes faster than classical models predict since the surrounding gas takes time to cool and to saturate with vapour. Towards the end of its life, the droplet vaporizes slower than expected since the region of cold vapour established in the early stages of evaporation remains and insulates the droplet.

在本文中，我们展示了与经典的液滴蒸发准稳态模型的显着偏差可能仅由于气相中的瞬态效应而出现。无限大气中单个液滴的完全瞬态蒸发问题在具有明确陈述的假设的广义无量纲框架中得到解决。针对广泛的 10 维输入域量化了经典准稳态和完全瞬态模型之间的差异，并报告了一种快速量化这种差异的稳健预测工具。在极端情况下，经典的准稳态模型可以将液滴寿命高估 80%。当使液滴与其环境平衡所需的能量与冷却液滴周围空间所需的能量相比变得较小时，这种过度预测就会增加，因此建立准稳态温度场。在一般情况下，当液滴突然浸入大气中时，会出现两种瞬态状态。最初，液滴的蒸发速度比经典模型预测的要快，因为周围的气体需要时间冷却并被蒸汽饱和。在其寿命即将结束时，液滴的蒸发速度比预期的要慢，因为在蒸发的早期阶段建立的冷蒸汽区域仍然存在并隔离了液滴。结果表明，当液滴突然浸入大气中时，会出现两种瞬态状态。最初，液滴的蒸发速度比经典模型预测的要快，因为周围的气体需要时间冷却并被蒸汽饱和。在其寿命即将结束时，液滴的蒸发速度比预期的要慢，因为在蒸发的早期阶段建立的冷蒸汽区域仍然存在并隔离了液滴。结果表明，当液滴突然浸入大气中时，会出现两种瞬态状态。最初，液滴的蒸发速度比经典模型预测的要快，因为周围的气体需要时间冷却并被蒸汽饱和。在其寿命即将结束时，液滴的蒸发速度比预期的要慢，因为在蒸发的早期阶段建立的冷蒸汽区域仍然存在并隔离了液滴。