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Winter cover crops shape early-season predator communities and trophic interactions
Ecosphere ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 , DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3635
Carson Bowers 1 , Michael D. Toews 1 , Jason M. Schmidt 1
Affiliation  

Despite the dynamic nature of annual cropping systems, few studies have investigated how the structure of predator communities and their interactions with prey corresponds with crop seasonality. Adding winter habitat, such as cover crops, improves soil health and likely contributes seasonal habitat availability for arthropod communities. Stable habitat may lead to functionally diverse predatory communities and their associated ecosystem services, such as biological control. Here, we estimated predatory community functional changes based on foraging traits determined by molecular gut–content analysis (MGCA) in response to winter cover crops (rye and crimson clover) in a cotton agroecosystem. Predators were collected from replicated 1-ha experimental field plots during each major stage of crop development in 2017 and 2018, and MGCA was used to estimate predator roles and responses to cover crop treatments. Cotton planted into a rye cover crop residue promoted unique predator communities in the early and mid-season as compared to no-cover fields. Correspondingly, we observed dissimilar prey consumption among cover crop treatments. Winter cover crops led to an increase in consumption of alternative prey and incidental pests by natural enemies on seedling cotton and encouraged high predator diversity that aligns temporally with potential early-season pest outbreaks. Therefore, cover crops commonly employed for soil health and erosion benefits also contribute to pest management by providing habitat and alternative prey resources that boost early-season predatory arthropod communities.

中文翻译:

冬季覆盖作物塑造早期捕食者群落和营养相互作用

尽管一年生作物系统具有动态特性,但很少有研究调查捕食者群落的结构及其与猎物的相互作用如何与作物季节性相对应。增加冬季栖息地,如覆盖作物,可以改善土壤健康,并可能有助于节肢动物群落的季节性栖息地可用性。稳定的栖息地可能导致功能多样化的掠食性群落及其相关的生态系统服务,例如生物控制。在这里,我们根据由分子肠道含量分析 (MGCA) 确定的觅食性状估计了掠食性群落功能变化,以响应棉花农业生态系统中的冬季覆盖作物(黑麦和深红色三叶草)。在 2017 年和 2018 年作物发育的每个主要阶段,从重复的 1 公顷试验田中收集捕食者,MGCA 用于估计捕食者角色和对覆盖作物处理的反应。与没有覆盖的田地相比,种植在黑麦覆盖作物残留物中的棉花在早季和中季促进了独特的捕食者群落。相应地,我们观察到覆盖作物处理之间不同的猎物消耗。冬季覆盖作物导致天敌对幼苗棉花的替代猎物和附带害虫的消耗增加,并鼓励高捕食者多样性,这在时间上与潜在的早季害虫爆发保持一致。因此,通常用于土壤健康和侵蚀益处的覆盖作物还通过提供栖息地和替代猎物资源来促进早期捕食性节肢动物群落,从而有助于害虫管理。与没有覆盖的田地相比,种植在黑麦覆盖作物残留物中的棉花在早季和中季促进了独特的捕食者群落。相应地,我们观察到覆盖作物处理之间不同的猎物消耗。冬季覆盖作物导致天敌对幼苗棉花的替代猎物和附带害虫的消耗增加,并鼓励高捕食者多样性,这在时间上与潜在的早季害虫爆发保持一致。因此,通常用于土壤健康和侵蚀益处的覆盖作物还通过提供栖息地和替代猎物资源来促进早期捕食性节肢动物群落,从而有助于害虫管理。与没有覆盖的田地相比,种植在黑麦覆盖作物残留物中的棉花在早季和中季促进了独特的捕食者群落。相应地,我们观察到覆盖作物处理之间不同的猎物消耗。冬季覆盖作物导致天敌对幼苗棉花的替代猎物和附带害虫的消耗增加,并鼓励高捕食者多样性,这在时间上与潜在的早季害虫爆发保持一致。因此,通常用于土壤健康和侵蚀益处的覆盖作物还通过提供栖息地和替代猎物资源来促进早期捕食性节肢动物群落,从而有助于害虫管理。我们在覆盖作物处理中观察到不同的猎物消耗。冬季覆盖作物导致天敌对幼苗棉花的替代猎物和附带害虫的消耗增加,并鼓励高捕食者多样性,这在时间上与潜在的早季害虫爆发保持一致。因此,通常用于土壤健康和侵蚀益处的覆盖作物还通过提供栖息地和替代猎物资源来促进早期捕食性节肢动物群落,从而有助于害虫管理。我们在覆盖作物处理中观察到不同的猎物消耗。冬季覆盖作物导致天敌对幼苗棉花的替代猎物和附带害虫的消耗增加,并鼓励高捕食者多样性,这在时间上与潜在的早季害虫爆发保持一致。因此,通常用于土壤健康和侵蚀益处的覆盖作物还通过提供栖息地和替代猎物资源来促进早期捕食性节肢动物群落,从而有助于害虫管理。
更新日期:2021-07-21
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