ABSTRACT

This study examines the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, indulgent, authoritative, and neglectful) and its relations with personal and social adjustment beyond adolescence. Participants were 2131 Spanish children, divided into adolescents (n = 616), young adults (n = 606), middle-aged adults (n = 502) and older adults (n = 407). A MANOVA (4 × 2 × 4) with parenting style, sex and age as independent variables was applied. Personal adjustment criteria were emotional and physical self-concept, and nervousness, while social adjustment criteria were internalization of social values and hostile sexism. The indulgent and authoritative parenting styles showed better socialization outcomes in all adjustment criteria across all children ages. However, children from indulgent families scored higher on emotional self-concept and lower on hostile sexism and nervousness than those from authoritative families. These findings seriously question whether strictness parenting dimension is necessary not only during the parental socialization (for adolescent children) but also beyond adolescence (for adult children), once parental socialization is over.

摘要

本研究探讨了养育方式（专制、放纵、权威和忽视）之间的关系及其与青春期以后的个人和社会适应的关系。参与者为 2131 名西班牙儿童，分为青少年（n = 616）、年轻人（n = 606）、中年人（n = 502）和老年人（n= 407)。应用了以养育方式、性别和年龄作为自变量的 MANOVA (4 × 2 × 4)。个人适应标准是情绪和身体的自我概念以及紧张，而社会适应标准是社会价值观的内化和敌对的性别歧视。在所有儿童年龄的所有调整标准中，放纵和权威的养育方式都显示出更好的社会化结果。然而，与来自权威家庭的孩子相比，来自放纵家庭的孩子在情感自我概念方面得分更高，而在敌对性别歧视和紧张情绪方面得分更低。这些发现严重质疑严格的养育维度是否不仅在父母社会化期间（对于青少年儿童）而且在青春期之后（对于成年儿童），一旦父母社会化结束是必要的。