Breast cancer is the main lethal disease among females. The combination of lobaplatin and microwave hyperthermia plays a crucial role in several kinds of cancer in the clinic, but it's possible mechanism in breast cancer has remained indistinct. Methods: Mouse models were used to detect breast cancer progression. Cell growth was explored with MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulphonyl)-2H-tetrazolium) and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were investigated with a transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was probed with flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was examined with Western blots. Result: Combination treatment decreased breast cancer cell viability, colony formation, cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, the treatment induced breast cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy, activated the JNK signaling pathway, suppressed the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and downregulated IAP and Bcl-2 family protein expression. Conclusion: These results indicate that lobaplatin is an effective breast cancer antitumor agent. Microwave hyperthermia was a useful adjunctive treatment. Combination treatment was more efficient than any single therapy. The possible mechanism for this effect was mainly associated with activation of the JNK signaling pathway, inactivation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and down regulation of the Bcl-2 and IAP families. Key words: lobaplatin, microwave hyperthermia, apoptosis, autophagy, mTOR, JNK.

中文翻译：

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微波热疗与洛铂联合在体内外对乳腺癌细胞的抗肿瘤作用。

乳腺癌是女性的主要致命疾病。洛铂联合微波热疗在临床上对多种癌症均有重要作用，但其在乳腺癌中的可能机制尚不明确。方法：小鼠模型用于检测乳腺癌进展。用 MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphonyl)-2H-tetrazolium) 和集落形成测定来探索细胞生长。用 transwell 测定法研究细胞迁移和侵袭。用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。用蛋白质印迹检查凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果：联合治疗降低了乳腺癌细胞活力、集落形成、细胞侵袭和转移。此外，治疗诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡和自噬，激活JNK信号通路，抑制AKT/mTOR信号通路，下调IAP和Bcl-2家族蛋白表达。结论：这些结果表明洛铂是一种有效的乳腺癌抗肿瘤药物。微波热疗是一种有用的辅助治疗。联合治疗比任何单一治疗都更有效。这种作用的可能机制主要与JNK信号通路的激活、AKT/mTOR信号通路的失活以及Bcl-2和IAP家族的下调有关。关键词：洛铂，微波热疗，细胞凋亡，自噬，mTOR，JNK。结论：这些结果表明洛铂是一种有效的乳腺癌抗肿瘤药物。微波热疗是一种有用的辅助治疗。联合治疗比任何单一治疗都更有效。这种作用的可能机制主要与JNK信号通路的激活、AKT/mTOR信号通路的失活以及Bcl-2和IAP家族的下调有关。关键词：洛铂，微波热疗，细胞凋亡，自噬，mTOR，JNK。结论：这些结果表明洛铂是一种有效的乳腺癌抗肿瘤药物。微波热疗是一种有用的辅助治疗。联合治疗比任何单一治疗都更有效。这种作用的可能机制主要与JNK信号通路的激活、AKT/mTOR信号通路的失活以及Bcl-2和IAP家族的下调有关。关键词：洛铂，微波热疗，细胞凋亡，自噬，mTOR，JNK。AKT/mTOR 信号通路的失活和 Bcl-2 和 IAP 家族的下调。关键词：洛铂，微波热疗，细胞凋亡，自噬，mTOR，JNK。AKT/mTOR 信号通路的失活和 Bcl-2 和 IAP 家族的下调。关键词：洛铂，微波热疗，细胞凋亡，自噬，mTOR，JNK。