The paper proposes a system consisting of novel programmable system on chip (PSoC)-controlled phase shifters which in turn guides the beam of an antenna array attached to it. Four antennae forming an array receive individual inputs from the programmable phase shifters (IC 2484). The input to the PSoC-based phase shifter is provided from an optimized 1:4 Wilkinson power divider. The antenna consists of an inverted L-shaped dipole on the front and two mirrored inverted L-shaped dipoles mounted on a rectangular conductive structure on the back which resonates in the ISM/Wi-Fi band (2.40–2.48 GHz). The power divider is designed to provide the feed to the phase shifter using a beamforming network while ensuring good isolation among the ports. The power divider has measured S11, S21, S31, S41, and S51 to be −14, −6.25, −6.31, −6.28, and −6.31 dB, respectively at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The ingenious controller is designed in-house using a PSoC microcontroller to regulate the control voltage of individual phase shifter IC and generate progressive phase shifts. To validate the calibration of the in-house designed control circuit, the phased array is simulated using $s_p^2$ touchstone file of IC 2484. This designed control circuit exhibits low insertion loss close to −8.5 dB, voltage standing wave ratio of 1.58:1, and reflection coefficient (S11) is −14.36 dB at 2.45 GHz. Low insertion loss variations confirm that the phased-array antenna gives equal amplitude and phase. The beamforming radiation patterns for different scan angles (30, 60, and 90°) for experimental and simulated phased-array antenna are matched accurately showing the accuracy of the control circuit designed. The average experimental and simulated gain is 13.03 and 13.48 dBi respectively. The in-house designed controller overcomes the primary limitations associated with the present electromechanical phased array such as cost weight, size, power consumption, and complexity in design which limits the use of a phased array to military applications only. The current study with novel design and enhanced performance makes the system worthy of the practical use of phased-array antennas for common society at large.

该论文提出了一种由新型可编程片上系统 (PSoC) 控制的移相器组成的系统，该移相器反过来引导连接到其上的天线阵列的波束。形成阵列的四个天线接收来自可编程移相器 (IC 2484) 的单独输入。基于 PSoC 的移相器的输入由优化的 1:4 Wilkinson 功率分配器提供。该天线由正面的倒 L 形偶极子和安装在背面矩形导电结构上的两个镜像倒 L 形偶极子组成，在 ISM/Wi-Fi 频段（2.40-2.48 GHz）中谐振。功率分配器旨在使用波束成形网络向移相器提供馈电，同时确保端口之间的良好隔离。功分器测得S 11 , S根据图21，S 31、S 41和S 51在2.45GHz频率下分别为-14、-6.25、-6.31、-6.28和-6.31dB。这个巧妙的控制器是内部设计的，使用 PSoC 微控制器来调节各个移相器 IC 的控制电压并产生渐进式相移。为了验证内部设计的控制电路的校准，使用IC 2484 的$s_p^2$试金石文件对相控阵进行仿真。该设计的控制电路具有接近 -8.5 dB 的低插入损耗，电压驻波比为 1.58 ：1，反射系数（S 11) 在 2.45 GHz 时为 -14.36 dB。低插入损耗变化证实了相控阵天线的幅度和相位相等。实验和模拟相控阵天线的不同扫描角度（30、60 和 90°）的波束形成辐射方向图精确匹配，显示了所设计控制电路的精度。平均实验和模拟增益分别为 13.03 和 13.48 dBi。内部设计的控制器克服了与当前机电相控阵相关的主要限制，例如成本重量、尺寸、功耗和设计复杂性，这将相控阵的使用限制在军事应用中。目前的研究具有新颖的设计和增强的性能，使得该系统值得在整个普通社会中实际使用相控阵天线。