Public health interventions to combat COVID-19 can be viewed as an exogenous shock to the economy, especially for industries-such as leisure, recreation, and tourism-that rely heavily on human mobility. This study investigates whether and how exactly the economic impact of government public health policies varies over time. Focusing on the leisure and recreation industry, we use data for 131 countries/regions from February to May 2020 and employ generalized difference-in-differences models to investigate the short- and longer-term effects of public health policies. We find that stricter policies lead, on average, to an immediate 9.2-percentage-point drop in leisure and recreation participation. Even so, that industry recovers in about seven weeks after a COVID-19 outbreak in countries/regions that undertake active interventions. After thirteen weeks, leisure and recreation involvement recovers to 70% of pre-pandemic levels in a place that actively intervened but stagnates at about 40% in one that did not.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 公共卫生干预措施对休闲和娱乐行业的直接和后续影响。


对抗 COVID-19 的公共卫生干预措施可以被视为对经济的外源冲击，特别是对于休闲、娱乐和旅游业等严重依赖人员流动的行业而言。这项研究调查了政府公共卫生政策的经济影响是否以及如何随着时间的推移而变化。我们以休闲娱乐产业为重点，使用131个国家/地区2020年2月至5月的数据，采用广义双重差分模型考察公共卫生政策的短期和长期影响。我们发现，更严格的政策平均会导致休闲和娱乐参与度立即下降 9.2 个百分点。即便如此，在采取积极干预措施的国家/地区，COVID-19 疫情爆发后，该行业将在大约七周内恢复。十三周后，在积极干预的地方，休闲和娱乐参与度恢复到大流行前水平的 70%，但在没有积极干预的地方，休闲和娱乐参与度则停滞在 40% 左右。