The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of focus of attention instructions (i.e. focus on the solo, accompaniment, or collaboration) on listeners’ performance evaluations. Participants (N = 159) were inservice band directors who listened to and evaluated the accuracy and expressivity of four excerpts of Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet in E-Flat Major, which we created by synchronizing recordings of good and bad performances of a trumpet soloist with good and bad performances of a piano accompaniment. Results indicated a significant main effect for focus-of-attention instructions group, indicating that listeners’ ratings were affected by the focus-of-attention instructions they received. However, we also found a significant three-way interaction among solo, accompaniment, and group, which signified that the effects of focus-of-attention instructions varied according to both solo and accompaniment conditions. Asking adjudicators to focus their evaluations on the collaborative performance of a soloist and pianist may result in different performance ratings than when asked to rate the soloist or pianist only. Implications for music educators and solo and ensemble event organizers are discussed.

本研究的目的是检查注意力集中指令（即专注于独奏、伴奏或合作）对听众表现评估的影响。参与者 ( N  = 159) 是在职乐队指挥，他们聆听并评估了海顿E-Flat 大调小号协奏曲的四节选段的准确性和表现力，我们通过将小号独奏家的好坏表演与钢琴伴奏的好坏表演同步录音来创建。结果表明注意力集中指令组的主效应显着，表明听众的评分受到他们收到的注意力集中指令的影响。然而，我们也发现独奏、伴奏和团体之间存在显着的三向交互作用，这表明注意力集中指令的效果因独奏和伴奏条件而异。要求评审员将他们的评估重点放在独奏家和钢琴家的合作表演上，可能会导致与仅对独奏家或钢琴家进行评分时不同的表演评分。讨论了对音乐教育者以及独奏和合奏活动组织者的影响。