Salicylic acid (SA) plays a pivotal role in delaying fruit ripening and senescence. However, little is known about its underlying mechanism of action. In this study, RNA sequencing was conducted to analyze and compare the transcriptome profiles of SA-treated and control pear fruits. We found a total of 159 and 419 genes differentially expressed between the SA-treated and control pear fruits after 12 and 24 h of treatment, respectively. Among these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 125 genes were continuously differentially expressed at both treatment times, and they were identified as candidate genes that might be associated with SA-regulated fruit ripening and senescence. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that 125 DEGs were mainly associated with plant hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, cell wall metabolism and modification, antioxidant systems, and senescence-associated transcription factors. Additionally, the expression of several candidate DEGs in ripening and senescent pear fruits after SA treatments were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study provides valuable information and enhances the understanding of the comprehensive mechanisms of SA-meditated pear fruit ripening and senescence.

水杨酸（SA）在延缓果实成熟和衰老方面起着举足轻重的作用。然而，对其潜在的作用机制知之甚少。在这项研究中，进行了 RNA 测序以分析和比较 SA 处理和对照梨果实的转录组谱。我们分别在处理 12 和 24 小时后发现 SA 处理和对照梨果实之间总共有 159 和 419 个基因差异表达。在这些差异表达基因（DEGs）中，有 125 个基因在两个处理时间持续差异表达，它们被确定为可能与 SA 调控的果实成熟和衰老相关的候选基因。生物信息学分析结果表明，125DEGs主要与植物激素生物合成与代谢、细胞壁代谢与修饰、抗氧化系统和衰老相关转录因子。此外，通过定量实时 PCR (qRT-PCR) 进一步验证了 SA 处理后成熟和衰老梨果实中几种候选 DEG 的表达。这项研究提供了有价值的信息，并增强了对 SA 冥想梨果实成熟和衰老综合机制的理解。