Capital improvement projects have the potential to enhance safety, mobility, and environmental quality, but these projects can include considerable costs. When making investment decisions, it is important for agencies to understand the costs in relation to the potential benefits. For several years, transportation agencies have analyzed and quantified the operational and environmental impacts of proposed projects. More recently, the first edition of the Highway Safety Manual and related resources have provided agencies with the tools needed to quantify the safety impacts of proposed projects. This paper describes the use of data-driven safety analysis methods by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to quantify the direct and indirect safety benefits of the proposed conversion of conventional toll plazas to open-road tolling. The analysis estimated the direct safety benefits (i.e., change in the number of crashes) and indirect safety benefits (i.e., change in travel time, fuel costs, and emissions resulting from crashes). These changes were converted to dollars, providing an estimate of the present value benefits based on the expected service life of the enhanced toll systems. The analysis indicated the conversions could reduce crashes by more than 900 annually, including the prevention of nearly 30 injury crashes annually. Indirect safety benefits included more than 200,000 h in reduced travel time, 335,000 gal of fuel saved, and nearly 3,000 metric tons of CO₂ reduced annually. Over the 15-year life cycle, this would provide an estimated benefit of more than $200 million from crashes directly and $367 million in indirect benefits.

资本改善项目具有提高安全性、机动性和环境质量的潜力，但这些项目可能包含相当大的成本。在做出投资决策时，机构必须了解与潜在收益相关的成本。几年来，运输机构对拟议项目的运营和环境影响进行了分析和量化。最近，《公路安全手册》第一版和相关资源为机构提供了量化拟议项目的安全影响所需的工具。本文描述了纽约和新泽西港务局使用数据驱动的安全分析方法来量化将传统收费广场转换为公路收费的提议的直接和间接安全收益。该分析估计了直接安全收益（即碰撞次数的变化）和间接安全收益（即旅行时间、燃料成本和碰撞导致的排放量的变化）。这些变化被转换为美元，提供了基于增强型收费系统的预期使用寿命的现值收益估计。分析表明，这些转换每年可以减少 900 多起车祸，包括每年预防近 30 起伤害事故。间接安全收益包括减少了 200,000 多小时的行程时间、节省了 335,000 加仑的燃料和近 3,000 公吨的二氧化碳₂每年减少。在 15 年的生命周期中，这将提供超过 2 亿美元的直接碰撞收益和 3.67 亿美元的间接收益。