Speed estimation for the out-of-control truck on a downhill grade is essential for passive safety features like truck escape ramps to promote traffic safety. This paper presents a method for estimating the speed of out-of-control trucks based on Newton’s Laws of Motion. First of all, we analyze gravity effort, aerodynamics, and rolling resistance through a free body diagram of an out-of-control truck on a downhill grade. Further, we select the speed as the dependent variable, with the following road and vehicle characteristics as independent variables: road surface type, grade, grade length, truck size, truck weight, and tire type. Finally, we estimate the speed and acceleration according to Newton’s Laws of Motion. The results show that the factors that significantly affect the out-of-control truck’s speed include tire type, road surface coefficient, grade, and grade length. TruckMaker simulation results demonstrate that the model is valid at a 99% confidence level.

下坡时失控卡车的速度估计对于被动安全功能（如卡车逃生坡道）至关重要，以提高交通安全。本文提出了一种基于牛顿运动定律估计失控卡车速度的方法。首先，我们通过下坡上失控的卡车的自由车身图来分析重力作用、空气动力学和滚动阻力。此外，我们选择速度作为因变量，以下道路和车辆特性作为自变量：路面类型、坡度、坡度长度、卡车尺寸、卡车重量和轮胎类型。最后，我们根据牛顿运动定律估计速度和加速度。结果表明，显着影响失控卡车速度的因素包括轮胎类型、路面系数、坡度和坡度长度。TruckMaker 仿真结果表明该模型在 99% 的置信水平下有效。