Vascular access (VA) is necessary for patients on hemodialysis, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is a useful treatment for maintaining VA function. PTA immediately increases the VA flow volume, which can affect cardiac function. We investigated the relationship between changes in VA flow volume and cardiac function in patients who underwent PTA. This was a single-center retrospective observational study, including patients who underwent PTA between June 2016 and August 2016. VA flow volume and cardiac function were measured by sonography before and 1 h after PTA. This study included 50 PTA procedures in 50 cases. PTA significantly increased the median VA flow volume from 445 (range, 150–1229) to 725 (350–1268) mL/min. Although the ejection fraction and diameter of the inferior vena cava were unchanged, the cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index increased significantly in most cases. Surprisingly, the CO was decreased in 18% of cases despite the increased VA flow volume. In this atypical group, a high CO before PTA was found to be a significant factor for the decrease in CO by PTA. In most cases, both VA flow volume and CO were increased by PTA, whereas in some cases, the CO was decreased despite an increase in VA flow volume. This atypical phenomenon may be due to the insufficient adaptive response in the peripheral artery and heart and could predict risks for future cardiac events. Therefore, it is important that such patients are carefully followed up on.

血管通路（VA）对于血液透析患者来说是必要的，而经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）是维持VA功能的有效治疗方法。PTA 立即增加 VA 流量，这会影响心脏功能。我们研究了接受 PTA 的患者 VA 流量变化与心功能之间的关系。这是一项单中心回顾性观察研究，纳入2016年6月至2016年8月期间接受PTA的患者。在PTA前和PTA后1小时通过超声检查测量VA流量和心功能。这项研究包括 50 例 50 例 PTA 手术。PTA 将中位 VA 流量从 445（范围 150-1229）mL/min 显着增加至 725（350-1268）mL/min。尽管射血分数和下腔静脉直径没有变化，但大多数情况下心输出量（CO）和心脏指数显着增加。令人惊讶的是，尽管 VA 流量增加，但 18% 的病例 CO 却降低了。在这个非典型组中，PTA 之前的高 CO 被发现是 PTA 减少 CO 的重要因素。在大多数情况下，PTA 都会增加 VA 流量和 CO，而在某些情况下，尽管 VA 流量有所增加，CO 却会减少。这种非典型现象可能是由于外周动脉和心脏的适应性反应不足所致，可以预测未来心脏事件的风险。因此，对此类患者进行仔细随访非常重要。