The direct use of medical zinc oxide in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe, leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning disorders. This study investigated the effect of using rapeseed-seaweed blend (rapeseed meal added two brown macroalgae species Ascophylum nodosum and Saccharina latissima) fermented by lactobacilli (FRS) as feed ingredients in piglet weaning. From d 28 of life to d 85, the piglets were fed one of three different feeding regimens (n = 230 each) with inclusion of 0%, 2.5% and 5% FRS. In this period, no significant difference of piglet performance was found among the three groups. From a subset of piglets (n = 10 from each treatment), blood samples for hematology, biochemistry and immunoglobulin analysis, colon digesta for microbiome analysis, and jejunum and colon tissues for histopathological analyses were collected. The piglets fed with 2.5% FRS manifested alleviated intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes infiltration in the gut, enhanced colon mucosa barrier relative to the 0% FRS group. The colon microbiota composition was determined using V3 and V1-V8 region 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing by Illumina NextSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION, respectively. The two amplicon sequencing strategies showed high consistency between the detected bacteria. Both sequencing strategies indicated that inclusion of FRS reshaped the colon microbiome of weaned piglets with increased Shannon diversity. Prevotella stercorea was verified by both methods to be more abundant in the piglets supplied with FRS feed, and its abundance was positively correlated with colonic mucosa thickness but negatively correlated with blood concentrations of leucocytes and IgG. FRS supplementation relieved the gut lymphocyte infiltration of the weaned piglets, improved the colon mucosa barrier with altered microbiota composition. Increasing the dietary inclusion of FRS from 2.5% to 5% did not lead to further improvements.

中文翻译：

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补充乳发酵油菜籽 - 海藻混合物可促进断奶仔猪的肠道微生物和肠道免疫调节

欧洲将在 2022 年后放弃在饲料中直接使用医用氧化锌，迫切需要替代品来预防断奶后疾病。本研究调查了使用乳酸杆菌 (FRS) 发酵的油菜籽 - 海藻混合物（菜籽粕添加了两种棕色大型藻类 Ascophylum nodosum 和 Saccharina latissima）作为断奶仔猪饲料成分的效果。从生命的第 28 天到第 85 天，给仔猪喂食三种不同喂养方案中的一种（每种方案 n = 230），包括 0%、2.5% 和 5% FRS。在此期间，三组之间的仔猪生产性能没有显着差异。来自仔猪的子集（每次处理 n = 10）、血液学、生物化学和免疫球蛋白分析的血液样本，微生物组分析的结肠消化物，收集空肠和结肠组织用于组织病理学分析。与 0% FRS 组相比，饲喂 2.5% FRS 的仔猪肠道上皮内和基质淋巴细胞浸润减轻，结肠粘膜屏障增强。分别使用Illumina NextSeq和Oxford Nanopore MinION的V3和V1-V8区16S rRNA基因扩增子测序确定结肠微生物群组成。两种扩增子测序策略显示出检测到的细菌之间的高度一致性。两种测序策略都表明，FRS 的加入重塑了断奶仔猪的结肠微生物群，香农多样性增加。两种方法均证实粪普氏菌在饲喂 FRS 饲料的仔猪中含量更高，其丰度与结肠黏膜厚度呈正相关，与血白细胞和IgG浓度呈负相关。补充 FRS 减轻了断奶仔猪的肠道淋巴细胞浸润，改善了结肠粘膜屏障，改变了微生物群组成。将膳食中 FRS 的含量从 2.5% 增加到 5% 并没有带来进一步的改善。