No-tillage combined with soil cover by plant residues is important strategy to reduce soil erosion caused by cultivation methods that involve soil tillage. However, the impact that history of soil disturbance caused by tillage has on plant production and water erosion after the establishment of no-tillage requires a detailed assessment. This research aimed to evaluate the residual effect of soil managed for 23 years with different intensities of mechanical preparation on vegetable biomass yield and soil and water losses by erosion after transition to no-tillage, in a Cambisol in southern Brazil. For three years (2015–2018), the following treatments were evaluated: NT1) long-term no-tillage, conducted for 23 years (control); NT2) no-tillage established after 23 years of cultivation under alternation of different tillage; NT3) no-tillage established after 23 years of cultivation under minimum tillage (scarification with chisel plough followed by harrowing); NT4) no-tillage established after 23 years of cultivation under conventional tillage (plowing with disc plough followed by two harrowings); and NT5) no-tillage established after 23 years of soil kept uncovered and without cultivation (bare soil). During this research, in all treatments, a cover crop mixture was grown in the winter and maize in the summer. Rainfall characteristics, water erosion and dry vegetable biomass (DVB) of the crops were evaluated in plots of 3.5 × 22.1 m, with an average slope of 0.102 m m⁻¹. The history of long-term soil tillage influenced plant biomass yield and affected the effectiveness of no-tillage in reducing soil erosion and runoff after its establishment. NT1 had a large accumulated DVB, significantly (p < 0.05) higher than NT2, NT4 and NT5 in the cover crop mixture cultivation and higher than NT5 in the maize cultivation. Accumulated soil losses by erosion followed the order (p < 0.05): NT5 = NT4> NT3 = NT2 > NT1. Water losses by runoff were greater in NT3, NT4 and NT5 and lowest value occurred in NT1 (p < 0.05). In general, DVB reflected the previous management, so that NT4 and NT5 presented lower yields. There was a decrease in soil losses due to erosion over time in the treatments, on the other hand, water losses did not have the same tendency, being little influenced by the change in management and reflected the degree of soil disturbance by the previous history of soil tillage.

免耕结合植物残留物的土壤覆盖是减少由涉及土壤耕作的耕作方法引起的土壤侵蚀的重要策略。然而，耕作造成的土壤扰动历史对免耕建立后植物生产和水蚀的影响需要详细评估。本研究旨在评估在巴西南部 Cambisol 过渡到免耕后，采用不同机械制备强度管理的土壤对蔬菜生物量产量和水土流失损失的残留影响，为期 23 年。在三年（2015-2018 年）中，评估了以下处理：NT1）长期免耕，进行 23 年（对照）；NT2) 在不同耕作交替下种植 23 年后建立的免耕；NT3) 在最少耕作下耕种 23 年后建立的免耕法（用凿犁犁地，然后耙地）；NT4) 在常规耕作下耕种 23 年后建立的免耕（用圆盘犁耕种，然后是两次耙地）；和 NT5) 在 23 年未覆盖且未耕种的土壤（裸土）后建立免耕。在这项研究中，在所有处理中，冬季种植覆盖作物混合物，夏季种植玉米。在平均坡度为 0.102 mm 的 3.5 × 22.1 m 地块中评估作物的降雨特征、水蚀和干蔬菜生物量（DVB）NT4) 在常规耕作下耕种 23 年后建立的免耕（用圆盘犁耕种，然后是两次耙地）；和 NT5) 在 23 年未覆盖且未耕种的土壤（裸土）后建立免耕。在这项研究中，在所有处理中，冬季种植覆盖作物混合物，夏季种植玉米。在平均坡度为 0.102 mm 的 3.5 × 22.1 m 地块中评估作物的降雨特征、水蚀和干蔬菜生物量（DVB）NT4) 在常规耕作下耕种 23 年后建立的免耕（用圆盘犁耕种，然后是两次耙地）；和 NT5) 在 23 年未覆盖且未耕种的土壤（裸土）后建立免耕。在这项研究中，在所有处理中，冬季种植覆盖作物混合物，夏季种植玉米。在平均坡度为 0.102 mm 的 3.5 × 22.1 m 地块中评估作物的降雨特征、水蚀和干蔬菜生物量（DVB）⁻¹. 长期土壤耕作的历史影响了植物生物量产量，并影响了免耕在建立后减少土壤侵蚀和径流的有效性。NT1 具有较大的累积 DVB，在覆盖作物混合物栽培中显着（p < 0.05）高于 NT2、NT4 和 NT5，在玉米栽培中高于 NT5。侵蚀造成的累积土壤流失遵循以下顺序 (p < 0.05)：NT5 = NT4> NT3 = NT2 > NT1。NT3、NT4 和 NT5 的径流水损失较大，NT1 的最低值（p < 0.05）。总的来说，DVB反映了以前的管理，因此NT4和NT5的收益率较低。随着时间的推移，处理中由于侵蚀造成的土壤流失减少，另一方面，水分流失没有相同的趋势，