Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the child’s psychosocial, educational, neuropsychological functioning self-esteem and quality of life from childhood to adulthood. It is estimated to affect about 5% of children and a third leading cause of disabilities.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its associated factors among children attending pediatric OPD in hospitals found in West Shoa zone, Central Ethiopia, 2020.
Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to February 2020 among 422 children attending pediatric OPD in selected hospitals in West Shewa Zone and disruptive behavioral rating scale was used to collect data. OPD (out patient department) is section of hospital where patients who receive treatment without staying overnight are seen. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.1.2 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were done. Bivariate logistic regression was done to examine the relationship between different independent variables with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Variable with p-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: The prevalence rate of attention de&filigcit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children attending pediatric OPD was 8.4%, 95% CI (5.9, 11.1). Being male (AOR= 3.35, 95% CI (1.52, 7.38), age 6– 11 (AOR=3.38 CI (1.22, 9.39)), having a family size greater than five (AOR=3.95, CI (1.44, 10.11)), low family income (AOR=3.47, 95% CI (1.25, 10.10), presence of one or more psychosocial stressors (AOR=4.50, 95% CI (1.77, 9.42)), family history of mental illness (AOR= 3.6, 95% CI (1.78, 8.21)) and mothers having complication during pregnancy (AOR= 3.05, CI (1.10, 8.48)) were factors found to be associated with ADHD.
Conclusion: Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in this study is higher than global prevalence. This study has shown us ADHD is a public health issue that requires great emphasis and it is found to be associated with being male, younger age, large family size, low family income, psychosocial stressors, family history of mental illness and complication of pregnancy are factors associated with ADHD.



中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚中部西舍瓦区公立医院儿科门诊儿童的注意力缺陷/多动障碍及相关因素

背景：注意力缺陷/多动障碍是一种常见的儿童期神经发育障碍，会影响儿童从童年到成年的心理社会、教育、神经心理功能自尊和生活质量。据估计，它会影响约 5% 的儿童，是导致残疾的第三大原因。
目的：评估 2020 年在埃塞俄比亚中部 West Shoa 地区的医院就诊儿科 OPD 的儿童中注意力缺陷/多动障碍的患病率及其相关因素。
方法：2020 年 1 月至 2020 年 2 月，在西舍瓦区选定医院的 422 名儿科 OPD 患儿中进行了基于机构的横断面研究，并使用破坏性行为评定量表收集数据。OPD（门诊部）是医院的一个部分，在那里可以看到无需过夜就接受治疗的患者。将数据输入 Epi info 7.1.2 版并导出到 SPSS 21 版进行分析。进行了描述性统计。进行双变量逻辑回归以检查不同自变量与注意力缺陷/多动障碍之间的关系。p值<0.05的变量被认为具有统计学意义。
结果：儿科OPD患儿的注意力缺失/多动障碍(ADHD)患病率为8.4%, 95% CI (5.9, 11.1)。男性 (AOR= 3.35, 95% CI (1.52, 7.38), 6-11 岁 (AOR=3.38 CI (1.22, 9.39)), 家庭人数大于五 (AOR=3.95, CI (1.44, 10.11) )、低家庭收入 (AOR=3.47, 95% CI (1.25, 10.10), 存在一种或多种社会心理压力源 (AOR=4.50, 95% CI (1.77, 9.42)), 有精神疾病家族史 (AOR= 3.6 , 95% CI (1.78, 8.21)) 和母亲在怀孕期间有并发症 (AOR= 3.05, CI (1.10, 8.48)) 是被发现与 ADHD 相关的因素。
结论：本研究中注意力缺陷/多动障碍的患病率高于全球患病率。这项研究向我们表明，多动症是一个需要高度重视的公共卫生问题，发现它与男性、年龄较小、家庭规模大、家庭收入低、社会心理压力源、精神疾病家族史和妊娠并发症有关。与多动症相关的因素。