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Effect of PEGylation on Host Defense Peptide Complexation with Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide
Bioconjugate Chemistry ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00259
Humaira Ilyas 1 , Mariena J A van der Plas 2, 3 , Monica Agnoletti 2 , Sourav Kumar 1 , Atin Kumar Mandal 4 , Hanudatta S Atreya 5 , Anirban Bhunia 1 , Martin Malmsten 2, 6
Affiliation  

Conjugation with poly(ethylene glycol) (“PEGylation”) is a widely used approach for improving the therapeutic propensities of peptide and protein drugs through prolonging bloodstream circulation, reducing toxicity and immunogenicity, and improving proteolytic stability. In the present study, we investigate how PEGylation affects the interaction of host defense peptides (HDPs) with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as HDP suppression of LPS-induced cell activation. In particular, we investigate the effects of PEGylation site for KYE28 (KYEITTIHNLFRKLTHRLFRRNFGYTLR), a peptide displaying potent anti-inflammatory effects, primarily provided by its N-terminal part. PEGylation was performed either in the N-terminus, the C-terminus, or in both termini, keeping the total number of ethylene groups (n = 48) constant. Ellipsometry showed KYE28 to exhibit pronounced affinity to both LPS and its hydrophobic lipid A moiety. The PEGylated peptide variants displayed lower, but comparable, affinity for both LPS and lipid A, irrespective of the PEGylation site. Furthermore, both KYE28 and its PEGylated variants triggered LPS aggregate disruption. To investigate the peptide structure in such LPS complexes, a battery of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods was employed. From this, it was found that KYE28 formed a well-folded structure after LPS binding, stabilized by hydrophobic domains involving aromatic amino acids as well as by electrostatic interactions. In contrast, the PEGylated peptide variants displayed a less well-defined secondary structure, suggesting weaker LPS interactions in line with the ellipsometry findings. Nevertheless, the N-terminal part of KYE28 retained helix formation after PEGylation, irrespective of the conjugation site. For THP1-Xblue-CD14 reporter cells, KYE28 displayed potent suppression of LPS activation at simultaneously low cell toxicity. Interestingly, the PEGylated KYE28 variants displayed similar or improved suppression of LPS-induced cell activation, implying the underlying key role of the largely retained helical structure close to the N-terminus, irrespective of PEGylation site. Taken together, the results show that PEGylation of HDPs can be done insensitively to the conjugation site without losing anti-inflammatory effects, even for peptides inducing such effects through one of its termini.

中文翻译:

聚乙二醇化对宿主防御肽与细菌脂多糖复合的影响

与聚(乙二醇)结合(“聚乙二醇化”)是一种广泛使用的方法,可通过延长血液循环、降低毒性和免疫原性以及提高蛋白水解稳定性来改善肽和蛋白质药物的治疗倾向。在本研究中,我们研究了聚乙二醇化如何影响宿主防御肽 (HDP) 与细菌脂多糖 (LPS) 的相互作用以及 HDP 对 LPS 诱导的细胞活化的抑制。特别是,我们研究了聚乙二醇化位点对 KYE28 (KYEITTIHNLFRKLTHRLFRRNFGYTLR) 的影响,KYE28 是一种显示有效抗炎作用的肽,主要由其 N 端部分提供。聚乙二醇化在 N 端、C 端或两个端进行,保持亚乙基的总数 ( n= 48) 常数。椭圆光度法显示 KYE28 对 LPS 及其疏水脂质 A 部分表现出明显的亲和力。无论聚乙二醇化位点如何,聚乙二醇化肽变体对 LPS 和脂质 A 都显示出较低但相当的亲和力。此外,KYE28 及其聚乙二醇化变体均引发 LPS 聚合破坏。为了研究这种 LPS 复合物中的肽结构,采用了一系列核磁共振 (NMR) 方法。由此,发现 KYE28 在 LPS 结合后形成折叠良好的结构,通过涉及芳香族氨基酸的疏水结构域以及静电相互作用来稳定。相比之下,聚乙二醇化肽变体显示出不太明确的二级结构,表明与椭圆光度法结果一致的 LPS 相互作用较弱。尽管如此,KYE28 的 N 端部分在聚乙二醇化后保留螺旋形成,与缀合位点无关。对于 THP1-Xblue-CD14 报告细胞,KYE28 在低细胞毒性的同时显示出对 LPS 活化的有效抑制。有趣的是,聚乙二醇化 KYE28 变体对 LPS 诱导的细胞活化表现出类似或改进的抑制,这意味着在很大程度上保留的靠近 N 端的螺旋结构的潜在关键作用,与聚乙二醇化位点无关。综上所述,结果表明 HDP 的聚乙二醇化可以对缀合位点不敏感而不会失去抗炎作用,即使是通过其末端之一诱导这种作用的肽也是如此。KYE28 在低细胞毒性的同时显示出对 LPS 活化的有效抑制。有趣的是,聚乙二醇化 KYE28 变体对 LPS 诱导的细胞活化表现出类似或改进的抑制,这意味着在很大程度上保留的靠近 N 端的螺旋结构的潜在关键作用,与聚乙二醇化位点无关。综上所述,结果表明 HDP 的聚乙二醇化可以对缀合位点不敏感而不会失去抗炎作用,即使是通过其末端之一诱导这种作用的肽也是如此。KYE28 在低细胞毒性的同时显示出对 LPS 活化的有效抑制。有趣的是,聚乙二醇化 KYE28 变体对 LPS 诱导的细胞活化表现出类似或改进的抑制,这意味着在很大程度上保留的靠近 N 端的螺旋结构的潜在关键作用,与聚乙二醇化位点无关。综上所述,结果表明 HDP 的聚乙二醇化可以对缀合位点不敏感而不会失去抗炎作用,即使是通过其末端之一诱导这种作用的肽也是如此。与聚乙二醇化位点无关。综上所述,结果表明 HDP 的聚乙二醇化可以对缀合位点不敏感而不会失去抗炎作用,即使是通过其末端之一诱导这种作用的肽也是如此。与聚乙二醇化位点无关。综上所述,结果表明 HDP 的聚乙二醇化可以对缀合位点不敏感而不会失去抗炎作用,即使是通过其末端之一诱导这种作用的肽也是如此。
更新日期:2021-08-19
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