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Is prediction nothing more than multi-scale pattern completion of the future?
Brain Research ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147578
J Benjamin Falandays 1 , Benjamin Nguyen 1 , Michael J Spivey 1
Affiliation  

While the notion of the brain as a prediction machine has been extremely influential and productive in cognitive science, there are competing accounts of how best to model and understand the predictive capabilities of brains. One prominent framework is of a “Bayesian brain” that explicitly generates predictions and uses resultant errors to guide adaptation. We suggest that the prediction-generation component of this framework may involve little more than a pattern completion process. We first describe pattern completion in the domain of visual perception, highlighting its temporal extension, and show how this can entail a form of prediction in time. Next, we describe the forward momentum of entrained dynamical systems as a model for the emergence of predictive processing in non-predictive systems. Then, we apply this reasoning to the domain of language, where explicitly predictive models are perhaps most popular. Here, we demonstrate how a connectionist model, TRACE, exhibits hallmarks of predictive processing without any representations of predictions or errors. Finally, we present a novel neural network model, inspired by reservoir computing models, that is entirely unsupervised and memoryless, but nonetheless exhibits prediction-like behavior in its pursuit of homeostasis. These explorations demonstrate that brain-like systems can get prediction “for free,” without the need to posit formal logical representations with Bayesian probabilities or an inference machine that holds them in working memory.



中文翻译:

预测无非是未来的多尺度格局补全?

虽然大脑作为预测机器的概念在认知科学中极具影响力和生产力,但对于如何最好地建模和理解大脑的预测能力,存在着相互竞争的说法。一个突出的框架是“贝叶斯大脑”,它明确地生成预测并使用由此产生的错误来指导适应。我们建议该框架的预测生成组件可能仅涉及模式完成过程。我们首先描述了视觉感知领域的模式补全,强调了它的时间扩展,并展示了这如何需要一种及时的预测形式。接下来,我们将牵引动力系统的前进动力描述为非预测系统中预测处理出现的模型。然后,我们将这种推理应用于语言领域,其中明确的预测模型可能是最流行的。在这里,我们演示了连接主义模型 TRACE 如何在没有任何预测或错误表示的情况下展示预测处理的特征。最后,我们提出了一种受水库计算模型启发的新型神经网络模型,该模型完全无监督且无记忆,但在追求动态平衡时仍表现出类似预测的行为。这些探索表明,类脑系统可以“免费”获得预测,而无需使用贝叶斯概率或将它们保存在工作记忆中的推理机来假设形式逻辑表示。展示了预测处理的特征,没有任何预测或错误的表示。最后,我们提出了一种受水库计算模型启发的新型神经网络模型,该模型完全无监督且无记忆,但在追求动态平衡时仍表现出类似预测的行为。这些探索表明,类脑系统可以“免费”获得预测,而无需使用贝叶斯概率或将它们保存在工作记忆中的推理机来假设形式逻辑表示。展示了预测处理的特征,没有任何预测或错误的表示。最后,我们提出了一种受水库计算模型启发的新型神经网络模型,该模型完全无监督且无记忆,但在追求动态平衡时仍表现出类似预测的行为。这些探索表明,类脑系统可以“免费”获得预测,而无需使用贝叶斯概率或将它们保存在工作记忆中的推理机来假设形式逻辑表示。

更新日期:2021-07-27
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