ABSTRACT

This attitudinal study examines racism – conceptualized as a general belief in a hierarchical order of racial/ethnic groups – from a comparative cross-national perspective. The study develops theoretical arguments regarding individual and country-level explanations of racist views and tests them using ESS data. It demonstrates that racist views are not rare in Europe, yet their extent varies substantially across countries. In societies with lower levels of social cohesion, citizens are more likely to adopt racist views, as compared to societies with higher levels of social cohesion. Although a country’s economic inequality is not associated with the prevalence of racist views, inequality does seem to condition the impact of gender on such views. In more economically unequal countries, the gender gap in racist views – where men express higher levels of racist views – is greater than in more economically equal countries. No association between ethnic diversity and levels of racist views was found.

摘要

这项态度研究从比较跨国的角度审视种族主义——概念化为对种族/族裔群体等级秩序的普遍信念。该研究提出了关于个人和国家层面对种族主义观点的解释的理论论证，并使用 ESS 数据对其进行了测试。这表明种族主义观点在欧洲并不罕见，但其程度因国家而异。与社会凝聚力水平较高的社会相比，在社会凝聚力水平较低的社会中，公民更有可能采纳种族主义观点。尽管一个国家的经济不平等与种族主义观点的盛行无关，但不平等似乎确实限制了性别对此类观点的影响。在经济更加不平等的国家，种族主义观点的性别差距——男性表达更高水平的种族主义观点——比经济上更平等的国家更大。没有发现种族多样性与种族主义观点水平之间存在关联。