The Oligocene Menilite Beds (Formation) represent the most important hydrocarbon source rock in the Carpathian Belt. The formation is laterally uniform across long distances but it shows strong internal heterogeneity that reflects changes in depositional environments, which controls the source rock potential. The age of the Menilite Formation in the study area is Lower Oligocene – Rupellian - Lower Chattian (nannofossil zone NP22-NP24). Generally, Menilite Beds are dominated by fine-grained (claystone, mudstone, and siltstone) facies, but in some areas they are replaced by thick sandy facies or both types are present. In the study area, both types of facies are present; however, only fine-grained facies have been sedimentologically analysed here because these types can also provide good analytical material for organic geochemistry. The conducted research was aimed at verifying the concepts discussed in the literature that the Menilite Beds were formed in one or more different sedimentary basins, and thus also different palaeogeographic conditions in a small area of the Polish Carpathians, which is located on the border of three tectonic units, precisely in the research area. Therefore, a comparison of these areas was carried out both in terms of facies interpretation and geochemical characteristics. The sedimentological features of 11 different sections of the Menilite Beds from seven localities have been examined: two connected to the Magura Nappe, six to the Dukla Nappe (including tectonic windows) and three to the Silesian Nappe, and total of eight facies (F1 to F8) have been distinguished. Facies F1 from Magura Nappe shows aerobic deposition conditions for sediments with a decisive majority of terrestrial material originating from both angio- and gymnosperms, but from Dukla Nappe facies F1 biomarkers indicate a mixed type of marine-terrestrial matter, with a majority of the terrestrial substance and low-oxygen conditions of the sedimentation environment, with an indication of a lacustrine or marine-lacustrine environment, while in Silesian Nappe facies F1 shows marine and typically anoxic features of sedimentation environment. Facies F2, which is presence in all units, characterise a high content of terrestrial-type substance or there is no clear domination of a terrestrial, marine, or lacustrine component. Facies F2 in Magura Nappe has many features in common with facies F1 but differs higher share of angiosperms (high content of terrestrial-type substance), compared to in the Dukla and Silesian units. It does not show clear features or biomarkers that can be unambiguously interpreted to indicate one specific type of sedimentation condition. Facies F3, which was found in the Silesian unit, stands out due to its high deposition environment anoxicity index and a lack of markers proving a share of angiosperms with higher content of algae-type material. The structures found within these facies shows clear lamination, which frequently accompanies algae mats, hence its sedimentation environment may be similar to lacustrine conditions. Facies F4 is present only in the Dukla unit with all its geochemical features and indicates the deltaic and marine shallow-water aerobic conditions of its deposition environment, which has a share of organic matter of marine and terrestrial types. Facies F5, which is only present in the Silesian Nappe, originated in an anaerobic environment. A high input of organic matter from freshwater and terrestrial origins, indicated by biomarkers, is consistent with shallow-water deposition. Facies F6, present in the Magura Nappe, similar like in Dukla Nappe in most cases stands out due to its low generation potential and high deposition environment aerobicity indices. The origin of organic matter is typically terrestrial originating from angiosperms matter that was deposited probably in lacustrine environment, contrary to the domination of gymnosperms observed in F1 and F2 in the Dukla unit. Stratification of this facies with light and dark colours of fine-grained deposits can indicate cyclically oxidation changes in the sedimentary basin. Generally, biomarker data suggest varied types of organic matter from marine in the Silesian Nappe through mixed in the Dukla Nappe to typically terrestrial in the Magura Nappe which may indicate a deposition in separate basins with their periodical joining. Most of the geochemical parameters indicate also varying redox conditions during deposition in shallow water. Additionally, a variety of the sedimentary structures within accompanying thin-bedded sandstone beds were also recognised. These sedimentary structures provide a possibility to interpret the sedimentary environments of those facies. Most of them are connected to wide-type shallow-water sedimentary environments and are found in the zones between the storm-wave base and the fair-weather water wave base (facies F2, F4, F5 and F6). The analysis confirmed the variability of the sedimentation conditions of the Menilite Beds in terms of the deposition conditions, which can also be used to infer the paleogeographic variability of the original deposition areas.

渐新世黄长石层（地层）代表了喀尔巴阡带中最重要的烃源岩。地层长距离横向均匀，但它显示出强烈的内部非均质性，反映了控制烃源岩潜力的沉积环境的变化。研究区Menilite组时代为下渐新世-Rupellian-Lower Chattian（纳米化石区NP22-NP24）。一般以细粒（粘土岩、泥岩、粉砂岩）相为主，部分地区为厚砂岩相或两者兼有。在研究区，两种类型的相都存在；然而，这里只对细粒相进行了沉积学分析，因为这些类型也可以为有机地球化学提供良好的分析材料。进行的研究旨在验证文献中讨论的概念，即梅尼利特层形成于一个或多个不同的沉积盆地，因此在位于三个边界的波兰喀尔巴阡山脉的一小块区域内也形成了不同的古地理条件。构造单元，正是在研究领域。因此，在相解释和地球化学特征方面对这些区域进行了比较。研究了来自 7 个地点的 11 个不同部分的 Menilite 床的沉积学特征：两个连接到 Magura Nappe，六个连接到 Dukla Nappe（包括构造窗口），三个连接到 Silesian Nappe，总共八个相（F1 到F8) 已区分。Magura Nappe 的 F1 相显示沉积物的有氧沉积条件，其中决定性的大部分陆地物质来自被子植物和裸子植物，但来自 Dukla Nappe 的 F1 生物标志物表明混合类型的海陆物质，其中大部分是陆地物质和低氧条件的沉积环境，表明是湖相或海相-湖相环境，而西里西亚推覆相 F1 显示沉积环境的海相和典型的缺氧特征。F2 相在所有单元中都存在，其特征是陆相物质含量高或没有明显的陆相、海相或湖相组分的支配地位。Magura Nappe 的 F2 相与 F1 相具有许多共同特征，但与 Dukla 和 Silesian 单元相比，被子植物的比例更高（陆生物质含量高）。它没有显示可以明确解释为指示一种特定类型的沉积条件的清晰特征或生物标志物。在西里西亚单元发现的 F3 相因其高沉积环境缺氧指数和缺乏证明被子植物中藻类物质含量较高的标记而引人注目。在这些相中发现的构造显示出清晰的层理，经常伴随着藻垫，因此其沉积环境可能类似于湖泊条件。F4 相仅存在于杜克拉单元，具有其所有地球化学特征，表明其沉积环境具有三角洲和海相浅水有氧条件，其中有一部分海相和陆相有机质。Facies F5 仅存在于 Silesian Nappe，起源于厌氧环境。生物标志物表明，来自淡水和陆地的有机物质的大量输入与浅水沉积一致。存在于 Magura Nappe 中的 F6 相与 Dukla Nappe 相似，在大多数情况下因其低发电潜力和高沉积环境好氧指数而脱颖而出。有机质的来源通常是陆地，来自可能沉积在湖泊环境中的被子植物物质，与在杜克拉单元的 F1 和 F2 中观察到的裸子植物的统治相反。该相具有浅色和深色的细粒沉积物的分层可以表明沉积盆地中的周期性氧化变化。一般来说，生物标志物数据表明，从西里西亚纳佩的海洋到杜克拉纳佩中的混合有机物质，再到马古拉纳佩中典型的陆生有机物质，这可能表明它们在不同盆地中的沉积以及它们的周期性连接。大多数地球化学参数也表明浅水沉积过程中氧化还原条件的变化。此外，还发现了伴随的薄层砂岩层内的各种沉积构造。这些沉积构造为解释这些相的沉积环境提供了可能。它们大多与宽型浅水沉积环境相连，分布在风暴波基部和晴天水波基部之间的地带（F2、F4、F5和F6相）。分析证实了梅尼利特层沉积条件在沉积条件方面的变异性，这也可以用来推断原始沉积区的古地理变异性。