Homogenization Theory of Space-Time Metamaterials,Physical Review Applied

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Homogenization Theory of Space-Time Metamaterials
Physical Review Applied ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-19 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.16.014044
P.A. Huidobro ₁ , M.G. Silveirinha ₁ , E. Galiffi ₂ , J.B. Pendry ₂

Affiliation

We present a general framework for the homogenization theory of space-time metamaterials. By mapping to a frame comoving with the space-time modulation, we derive analytical formulas for the effective material parameters for traveling-wave modulations in the low-frequency limit: electric permittivity, magnetic permeability, and magnetoelectric coupling. In doing so, we provide a recipe for the calculation of effective parameters of space–time-modulated media where the parameters follow a traveling-wave form of any shape and we show how synthetic motion can result in giant bianisotropy. This allows us to deepen the understanding of how nonreciprocity can be achieved in the long-wavelength limit and to completely characterize the different nonreciprocal behaviors available in space–time-modulated media. In particular, we show how the modulation speed, which can be subluminal or superluminal, together with the relative phase between electric and magnetic modulations, provide tuning knobs for the nonreciprocal response of these systems. Furthermore, we apply the theory to derive exact formulas for the Fresnel drag experienced by light traveling through traveling-wave modulations of electromagnetic media, providing insight into the differences and similarities between synthetic motion and moving matter. Since we exploit a series of Galilean coordinate transformations, the theory may be generalized to other kinds of waves.

中文翻译：

时空超材料的均质化理论

我们提出了时空超材料均质化理论的一般框架。通过映射到与时空调制共同移动的坐标系，我们推导出了低频极限下行波调制的有效材料参数的解析公式：介电常数、磁导率和磁电耦合。在这样做时，我们提供了计算时空调制介质的有效参数的方法，其中参数遵循任何形状的行波形式，并且我们展示了合成运动如何导致巨大的双各向异性。这使我们能够加深对如何在长波长限制下实现非互易性的理解，并完全表征时空调制介质中可用的不同非互易行为。特别是，我们展示了调制速度（可以是亚光速或超光速）以及电磁调制之间的相对相位如何为这些系统的非互易响应提供调谐旋钮。此外，我们应用该理论推导出光通过电磁介质的行波调制所经历的菲涅耳阻力的精确公式，从而深入了解合成运动和运动物质之间的差异和相似之处。由于我们利用了一系列伽利略坐标变换，因此该理论可以推广到其他类型的波。我们应用该理论推导出光通过电磁介质的行波调制所经历的菲涅耳阻力的精确公式，从而深入了解合成运动和运动物质之间的差异和相似之处。由于我们利用了一系列伽利略坐标变换，因此该理论可以推广到其他类型的波。我们应用该理论推导出光通过电磁介质的行波调制所经历的菲涅耳阻力的精确公式，从而深入了解合成运动和运动物质之间的差异和相似之处。由于我们利用了一系列伽利略坐标变换，因此该理论可以推广到其他类型的波。

更新日期：2021-07-20

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