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Evaluation and Integration of Geochemical Indicators for Detecting Trace Levels of Coal Fly Ash in Soils
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01215 Zhen Wang 1 , Rachel M Coyte 1 , Ellen A Cowan 2 , Heather M Stapleton 1 , Gary S Dwyer 1 , Avner Vengosh 1
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01215 Zhen Wang 1 , Rachel M Coyte 1 , Ellen A Cowan 2 , Heather M Stapleton 1 , Gary S Dwyer 1 , Avner Vengosh 1
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Coal combustion residuals (CCRs), in particular, coal fly ash, are one of the major industrial solid wastes in the U.S., and due to their high concentrations of toxic elements, they could pose environmental and human health risks. Yet detecting coal fly ash in the environment is challenging given its small particle size. Here, we explore the utility and sensitivity of using geochemical indicators (trace elements, Ra nuclides, and Pb stable isotopes), combined with physical observation by optical point counting, for detecting the presence of trace levels of coal fly ash particles in surface soils near two coal-fired power plants in North Carolina and Tennessee. Through experimental work, mixing models, and field data, we show that trace elements can serve as a first-order detection tool for fly ash presence in surface soils; however, the accuracy and sensitivity of detection is limited for cases with low fly ash proportion (i.e., <10%) in the soil, which requires the integration of more robust Ra and Pb isotopic tracers. This study revealed the presence of fly ash particles in surface soils from both the recreational and residential areas, which suggests the fugitive emission of fly ash from the nearby coal-fired power plants.
中文翻译：
用于检测土壤中微量粉煤灰的地球化学指标的评价和整合
燃煤残留物 (CCR)，特别是粉煤灰，是美国主要的工业固体废物之一，由于其有毒元素浓度高，可能对环境和人类健康构成威胁。然而，鉴于粉煤灰的粒径小，检测环境中的粉煤灰具有挑战性。在这里，我们探讨了使用地球化学指标（微量元素、Ra 核素和 Pb 稳定同位素）结合光学点计数物理观察的实用性和敏感性，以检测附近表层土壤中痕量粉煤灰颗粒的存在。北卡罗来纳州和田纳西州的两个燃煤电厂。通过实验工作、混合模型和现场数据，我们表明微量元素可以作为表层土壤中飞灰存在的一级检测工具；然而，对于土壤中飞灰比例较低（即<10%）的情况，检测的准确性和灵敏度受到限制，这需要集成更强大的 Ra 和 Pb 同位素示踪剂。这项研究揭示了休闲区和住宅区的表层土壤中都存在粉煤灰颗粒，这表明附近燃煤发电厂的粉煤灰无组织排放。
更新日期：2021-08-03
中文翻译：
用于检测土壤中微量粉煤灰的地球化学指标的评价和整合
燃煤残留物 (CCR)，特别是粉煤灰，是美国主要的工业固体废物之一，由于其有毒元素浓度高，可能对环境和人类健康构成威胁。然而，鉴于粉煤灰的粒径小，检测环境中的粉煤灰具有挑战性。在这里，我们探讨了使用地球化学指标（微量元素、Ra 核素和 Pb 稳定同位素）结合光学点计数物理观察的实用性和敏感性，以检测附近表层土壤中痕量粉煤灰颗粒的存在。北卡罗来纳州和田纳西州的两个燃煤电厂。通过实验工作、混合模型和现场数据，我们表明微量元素可以作为表层土壤中飞灰存在的一级检测工具；然而，对于土壤中飞灰比例较低（即<10%）的情况，检测的准确性和灵敏度受到限制，这需要集成更强大的 Ra 和 Pb 同位素示踪剂。这项研究揭示了休闲区和住宅区的表层土壤中都存在粉煤灰颗粒，这表明附近燃煤发电厂的粉煤灰无组织排放。
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