Ajwain, Trachyspermum (T.) ammi, is a coumarin-rich, highly nutritive, and medicinally important herb, however, there is not enough data on the efficiency of laser irradiation in inducing such properties. Herein, the effect of seed treatment with laser irradiations [helium-neon (He-Ne, 632 nm, 5 mW) and helium-cadmium (He-Cd, 460 nm, 16.2 mW)] at 500 mJ energy for 5 min on the biomass, photosynthesis, and the metabolism of coumarins, essential oil, and their precursor metabolites in two varieties of ajwain sprouts i.e., Desi and Chakwal was investigated for the first time. Laser irradiation increased sprout biomass accumulation by improving photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and respiration. Additionally, laser treatment enhanced the metabolism of coumarins and essential oil, which was explained by the increased availability of their precursors (phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, and shikimic acid). There were also increases in the activity of the key enzymes involved in the biogenesis of phenylpropanoid and coumarins, i.e., 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H). Furthermore, laser treatment induced the accumulation of total and individual phenolics and flavonoids. Consequently, laser treatment significantly improved the antibacterial properties of ajwain sprouts against four foodborne pathogens included Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella spp. Ajwain variety-specific responses to laser light treatment confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Desi variety was more responsive. The efficiency of He-Ne was greater than He-Cd laser, which suggests He-Ne laser treatment as a promising approach to boost the production of valuable pigments, coumarins, and essential oils in ajwain sprouts.

Ajwain , Trachyspermum (T.) ammi是一种富含香豆素、营养丰富且具有重要药用价值的草本植物，但是，没有足够的数据表明激光照射在诱导此类特性方面的效率。在此，用激光照射 [氦-氖 (He-Ne, 632 nm, 5 mW) 和氦-镉 (He-Cd, 460 nm, 16.2 mW)] 在 500 mJ 能量下处理种子 5 分钟对种子的影响生物量、光合作用以及香豆素、精油及其前体代谢物在两种 ajwain 豆芽（即 Desi 和 Chakwal）中的代谢首次进行了研究。激光照射通过改善光合作用、叶绿素含量和呼吸作用来增加芽生物质的积累。此外，激光治疗增强了香豆素和精油的代谢，这是由于其前体（苯丙氨酸、肉桂酸、和莽草酸）。参与苯丙烷和香豆素生物发生的关键酶的活性也有所增加，即 3-脱氧-D-阿拉伯-庚酮糖酸-7-磷酸合酶 (DAHPS)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶 (C4H)，4 -香豆酸：辅酶 A 连接酶 (4CL) 和对香豆酸 3-羟化酶 (C3H)。此外，激光治疗诱导总和个别酚类和黄酮类化合物的积累。因此，激光处理显着提高了 ajwain 豆芽对四种食源性病原体的抗菌性能，包括 和对香豆酸 3-羟化酶 (C3H)。此外，激光治疗诱导总和个别酚类和黄酮类化合物的积累。因此，激光处理显着提高了 ajwain 豆芽对四种食源性病原体的抗菌性能，包括 和对香豆酸 3-羟化酶 (C3H)。此外，激光治疗诱导总和个别酚类和黄酮类化合物的积累。因此，激光处理显着提高了 ajwain 豆芽对四种食源性病原体的抗菌性能，包括金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和沙门氏菌属。通过主成分分析 (PCA) 确认的 Ajwain 品种对激光处理的特异性反应表明 Desi 品种的反应更灵敏。He-Ne 的效率高于 He-Cd 激光，这表明 He-Ne 激光处理是一种很有前途的方法，可以促进 ajwain 豆芽中有价值的色素、香豆素和精油的产生。