Objectives Obesity is the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children. We developed a 2-year lifestyle intervention for youth at risk of CVD. We assessed changes in body mass index z-scores (zBMI) and key cardiometabolic risk factors, physical fitness, and capacity among those who completed the program. Methods The CIRCUIT program is a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for children aged 4 to 18 years at risk of CVD, based on a personalized plan to improve cardiometabolic outcomes by increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviours. Both at baseline and 2-year follow-up, we measured zBMI, blood pressure z-scores (zBP), adiposity (%body and %trunk fat), fasting blood glucose and lipid profile, aerobic (VO2max) and anaerobic (5×5 m shuttle run test) fitness, and physical capacity indicators. Differences between baseline and follow-up were examined using paired t-tests (for age-sex standardized outcomes) and multivariable mixed effect models, adjusted for age and sex (for other outcomes). Results Among the 106 participants (53 males) who completed the 2-year program, mean age at baseline was 10.9 years (SD=3.2). After 2 years, zBMI and diastolic zBP decreased by 0.30SD (95% CI: −0.44; −0.16) and 0.43SD (95% CI: −0.65; −0.23), respectively. Participants improved %body and %trunk fat, lipid profile, aerobic and anaerobic fitness levels, and physical capacity (p<0.02). No changes in systolic zBP nor in fasting plasma glucose were observed. Conclusion Our findings showed improved zBMI, cardiometabolic outcomes, physical fitness, and capacity among children at risk of CVD, suggesting that CIRCUIT is a promising intervention.

中文翻译：

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促进青少年健康的生活方式行为：针对有心血管疾病风险的儿童的新型干预措施的结果

目的 肥胖是儿童心血管疾病 (CVD) 最普遍的危险因素。我们为有 CVD 风险的青年制定了一项为期 2 年的生活方式干预措施。我们评估了完成该计划的人的体重指数 z 分数 (zBMI) 和关键心脏代谢风险因素、身体健康和能力的变化。方法 CIRCUIT 计划是一项针对 4 至 18 岁有 CVD 风险的儿童的多学科生活方式干预，基于通过增加身体活动和减少久坐行为来改善心脏代谢结果的个性化计划。在基线和 2 年随访中，我们测量了 zBMI、血压 z 分数 (zBP)、肥胖（体脂百分比和躯干脂肪百分比）、空腹血糖和血脂、有氧 (VO2max) 和无氧 (5× 5米穿梭跑测试）体能和体能指标。使用配对 t 检验（针对年龄-性别标准化结果）和多变量混合效应模型检查基线和随访之间的差异，并针对年龄和性别进行调整（针对其他结果）。结果 在完成 2 年计划的 106 名参与者（53 名男性）中，基线平均年龄为 10.9 岁（SD=3.2）。2 年后，zBMI 和舒张期 zBP 分别降低了 0.30SD（95% CI：-0.44；-0.16）和 0.43SD（95% CI：-0.65；-0.23）。参与者改善了身体脂肪百分比和躯干脂肪百分比、脂质分布、有氧和无氧健康水平以及体能（p<0.02）。没有观察到收缩期 zBP 和空腹血糖的变化。结论 我们的研究结果表明，有 CVD 风险的儿童的 zBMI、心脏代谢结果、身体健康和能力得到改善，这表明 CIRCUIT 是一种有前途的干预措施。