Separate introductions or post-introduction evolution may lead to multiple invader genotypes or cytotypes that differ in growth rates, biomass or chemical profile responses (phenotype) to a range of environments. If the invader has high trait plasticity to a range of resource levels, then sediment N or P enrichment may enhance invasiveness. However, the ways in which ploidy, plasticity, and available N or P interact are unknown for most species despite the potential to explain spread and impacts by invaders with multiple introduced lineages. We conducted a common garden experiment with four triploid and six diploid populations of Butomus umbellatus, collected from across its invasive range in the USA. Plants were grown under different N or P nutrient levels (4, 40, 200, 400 mg L−1 N; 0.4, 4, 40 mg L−1 P) and we measured reaction norms for biomass, clonal reproduction and tissue chemistry. Contrary to our expectation, triploid B. umbellatus plants were less plastic to variation in N or P than diploid B. umbellatus in most measured traits. Diploid plants produced 172 % more reproductive biomass and 57 % more total biomass across levels of N, and 158 % more reproductive biomass and 33 % more total biomass across P than triploid plants. Triploid plants had lower shoot:root ratios and produced 30 % and 150 % more root biomass than diploid plants in response to increases in N and P, respectively. Tissue chemistry differed between cytotypes but plasticity was similar; N was 8 % higher and C:N ratio was 30 % lower in triploid than diploid plants across levels of N and plant parts, and N was 22 % higher and C:N ratio 27 % lower across levels of P and plant parts. Our results highlight differences in nutrient response between cytotypes of a widespread invader, and we call for additional field studies to better understand the interaction of nutrients and ploidy during invasion.

中文翻译：

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在引入的种群中增加的 Butomus umbellatus 倍性与更高的 N 和 P 表型可塑性无关

单独引入或引入后进化可能导致多种入侵者基因型或细胞型在生长速率、生物量或对一系列环境的化学特征反应（表型）方面不同。如果入侵者对一系列资源水平具有高性状可塑性，那么沉积物 N 或 P 富集可能会增强入侵性。然而，尽管有可能解释具有多个引入谱系的入侵者的传播和影响，但对于大多数物种来说，倍性、可塑性和可用 N 或 P 相互作用的方式是未知的。我们对四个三倍体和六个二倍体的伞形鲀种群进行了一项常见的花园实验，这些种群是从其在美国的入侵范围内收集的。植物在不同的 N 或 P 营养水平（4、40、200、400 mg L-1 N；0.4、4、40 mg L-1 P）下生长，我们测量了生物量的反应规范，克隆繁殖和组织化学。与我们的预期相反，在大多数测量的性状中，三倍体 B. umbellatus 植物对 N 或 P 变化的可塑性低于二倍体 B. umbellatus。与三倍体植物相比，二倍体植物在 N 水平上产生的生殖生物量和总生物量增加了 172%，在磷水平上产生的生殖生物量增加了 158%，总生物量增加了 33%。响应于 N 和 P 的增加，三倍体植物具有较低的茎：根比，并且产生的根生物量分别比二倍体植物多 30% 和 150%。细胞类型之间的组织化学不同，但可塑性相似；在 N 和植物部分的水平上，三倍体植物的 N 比二倍体植物高 8%，C:N 比低 30%，在 P 和植物部分水平上，N 比二倍体植物高 22%，C:N 比低 27%。