Changes in dryland temperature and precipitation are essential components of dryland climate change. This study applies the use of the monthly reanalysis data product of ERA5, which has a spatial resolution of 0.25°, to investigate the changes in the dryland climate between 1979 and 2018. The result revealed warming and drying of the drylands in recent decades, most notably in the current decade. The general global dryland temperature and precipitation increased and decreased significantly (0.01 significance level) at the rate of 0.032°C·year⁻¹ and 0.074 mm·month⁻¹·year⁻¹, respectively, in the last 40 years. Although precipitation generally decreased over the drylands, summer precipitation increased over southern Africa and Australia as well as northern Africa and south Asia dryland areas. Variation in the warming rate over the dryland zones at different periods was also observed. The semiarid and dry subhumid warmed continually from the first decade (0.02°C·year⁻¹ and 0.017°C·year⁻¹) to the fourth decade (0.077°C·year⁻¹ and 0.065°C·year⁻¹, respectively), while the hyperarid warmed at a slower rate in the last two decades compared to the prior decades. More intense warming was also observed in the areas where precipitation decreased, suggesting the effect of reduced evaporative cooling. These changes have implications on the dryland environment, such as aridity changes, which could affect the sustainable development of the areas through the corresponding impact on the ecosystem.

中文翻译：

---

全球旱地温度和降水的近期变化

旱地温度和降水的变化是旱地气候变化的重要组成部分。本研究利用空间分辨率为 0.25°的 ERA5 月度再分析数据产品，调查了 1979 年至 2018 年间旱地气候的变化。尤其是在当前十年。^{全球旱地总温度和降水量以 0.032°C·年-1}和 0.074 毫米·月^-1 ·年^-1的速率显着增加和减少（显着性水平为 0.01），分别在过去 40 年中。尽管旱地降水量普遍减少，但南部非洲和澳大利亚以及北非和南亚旱地地区的夏季降水量增加。还观察到不同时期旱地地区升温速率的变化。从第一个十年（0.02°C·年^-1和 0.017°C·年^-1）到第四个十年（0.077°C·年^-1和 0.065°C·年^{-1 ）半干旱和半湿润干旱持续升温}，分别），而与前几十年相比，过去二十年超级干旱的升温速度较慢。在降水减少的地区也观察到更强烈的变暖，这表明蒸发冷却减少的影响。这些变化对旱地环境产生影响，例如干旱变化，可能通过对生态系统的相应影响影响该地区的可持续发展。