Patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) were previously shown to display a bacterial gut dysbiosis; however, limited data are available regarding the role of fungal microbiota in these patients. We evaluated the bacterial and fungal composition of the fecal microbiota at day 0 of alloHCT. Higher bacterial diversity was associated with an improved overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). While fungal diversity had no impact on patient outcomes, we observed that high versus low relative abundance of Candida albicans in alloHCT patients at day 0 was associated with a significantly lower OS, DFS and graft-versus-host-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) (p = 0.0008, p = 0.0064 and p = 0.026, respectively). While these results are limited by low patient numbers and low fungal read counts in some samples, they suggest a potentially important role for C albicans in alloHCT.

接受同种异体造血细胞移植 (alloHCT) 的患者先前显示出细菌性肠道菌群失调；然而，关于真菌微生物群在这些患者中的作用的可用数据有限。我们在 alloHCT 的第 0 天评估了粪便微生物群的细菌和真菌组成。较高的细菌多样性与改善的总生存期 (OS) 和无病生存期 (DFS) 相关。虽然真菌多样性对患者结果没有影响，但我们观察到第 0 天 alloHCT 患者白色念珠菌相对丰度高与低与 OS、DFS 和无移植物抗宿主、无复发生存率显着降低相关（ GRFS）（p  = 0.0008，p  = 0.0064 和p = 0.026，分别）。虽然这些结果受到一些样本中患者数量少和真菌读取计数低的限制，但它们表明白色念珠菌在 alloHCT 中具有潜在的重要作用。