The association between human gut microbiota and cancers has been an evolving field of biomedical research in recent years. The gut microbiota is composed of the microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal system that interact with the host to regulate behaviours and biochemical processes within the gut. This symbiotic physiological interaction between the gut and the microbiota plays a significant role in the modulation of gut homeostasis, in which perturbations to the microbiota, also known as dysbiosis can lead to the onset of diseases, including cancer. In this review, we analysed the current literature to understand the role of gut microbiota in the five most prevalent cancer types, namely colon (colorectal), lung, breast, prostate, and stomach cancers. Recent studies have observed the immunomodulatory and anti-tumoural effects of gut microbiota in cancers. Furthermore, gut microbial dysbiosis can induce the release of toxic metabolites and exhibit pro-tumoural effects in the host. The gut microbiota was observed to have clinical implications in each cancer type in addition to regulating the efficacy of standard chemotherapy and natural anticancer agents. However, further research is warranted to understand the complex role of gut microbiota in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognoses of cancer.

近年来，人类肠道微生物群与癌症之间的关联一直是生物医学研究的一个不断发展的领域。肠道微生物群由驻留在胃肠系统中的微生物组成，这些微生物与宿主相互作用以调节肠道内的行为和生化过程。肠道和微生物群之间的这种共生生理相互作用在调节肠道稳态方面发挥着重要作用，其中对微生物群的扰动，也称为生态失调，会导致疾病的发生，包括癌症。在这篇综述中，我们分析了当前的文献，以了解肠道微生物群在五种最常见的癌症类型中的作用，即结肠癌（结直肠癌）、肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和胃癌。最近的研究观察到肠道微生物群在癌症中的免疫调节和抗肿瘤作用。此外，肠道微生物失调可诱导有毒代谢物的释放并在宿主中表现出促肿瘤作用。除了调节标准化疗和天然抗癌剂的功效外，肠道微生物群被观察到对每种癌症类型都有临床意义。然而，需要进一步的研究来了解肠道微生物群在癌症的预防、诊断、治疗和预后中的复杂作用。除了调节标准化疗和天然抗癌剂的功效外，肠道微生物群被观察到对每种癌症类型都有临床意义。然而，需要进一步的研究来了解肠道微生物群在癌症的预防、诊断、治疗和预后中的复杂作用。除了调节标准化疗和天然抗癌剂的功效外，肠道微生物群被观察到对每种癌症类型都有临床意义。然而，需要进一步的研究来了解肠道微生物群在癌症的预防、诊断、治疗和预后中的复杂作用。