In the competitive energy market, ensuring a reliable power supply becomes a major concern and accordingly, the distribution system must be equipped with protective devices to reduce frequency and duration of fault. In addition, large-scale integration of renewable energy sources (RES) is required because of the enormous load growth. To alleviate the challenges of large-scale RES incorporation, Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) must be incorporated along with RES. In case of any fault, these devices can improve overall reliability by continuing power supply to the isolated loads; thus, more efficient planning can be achieved with the concurrent utilization of RES, DSTATCOM, and protective devices. Accordingly, this study introduces a bilevel planning model where the optimal integration of RES and DSTATCOM is determined in upper level planning (ULP) and the protective devices are incorporated in lower level planning (LLP). In the bilevel model, for each ULP population, the LLP model is executed and the optimal results are feedback to the ULP to calculate ULP objectives. Therefore, all the ULP populations are combined with the optimal results of LLP. Moreover, to reflect the reduction of available budget due to various cost-cutting efforts of a distribution company, an independent RES owner is introduced to invest in RES and proper coordination of both parties is ensured with a long-term contract price. Furthermore, a computationally efficient 2m point estimation method is applied to capture the uncertainty of RES, load, and energy price. The proposed planning model is evaluated in 119-bus test system and the simulated results are presented and analyzed in detail.

中文翻译：

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RES、DSTATCOM 和保护装置的配电系统协调规划


在竞争激烈的能源市场中，确保可靠的供电成为人们关注的焦点，因此配电系统必须配备保护装置，以减少故障频率和持续时间。此外，由于负荷的巨大增长，需要大规模并网可再生能源（RES）。为了缓解大规模 RES 并入的挑战，分布式静态补偿器 (DSTATCOM) 必须与 RES 一起并入。如果发生任何故障，这些设备可以通过继续向隔离负载供电来提高整体可靠性；因此，同时利用RES、DSTATCOM和保护装置可以实现更有效的规划。因此，本研究引入了双层规划模型，其中 RES 和 DSTATCOM 的最佳集成在上层规划 (ULP) 中确定，而保护装置则纳入下层规划 (LLP) 中。在双层模型中，对于每个ULP群体，执行LLP模型并将最优结果反馈给ULP以计算ULP目标。因此，所有ULP群体都与LLP的最优结果相结合。此外，为了反映由于分销公司的各种成本削减措施而导致的可用预算的减少，引入了独立的RES所有者来投资RES，并通过长期合同价格确保双方的适当协调。此外，采用计算效率高的 2m 点估计方法来捕获 RES、负荷和能源价格的不确定性。所提出的规划模型在119路公交车测试系统中进行了评估，并对仿真结果进行了详细的介绍和分析。