The comparative research of the influence of different types of auroral particle precipitation and polar cap patches (PCPs) on the global positioning system (GPS) signals disturbances in the polar ionosphere was done. For this purpose, we use the GPS scintillation receivers at Ny-Ålesund and Skibotn, operated by the University of Oslo. The presence of the auroral particle precipitation and polar cap patches was determined by using data from the EISCAT 42m radar on Svalbard. The optical aurora observations in 557.7 and 630.0 nm spectrum lines on Svalbard were used as well for the detection of ionospheric disturbances. The cusp identification was done with using SuperDARN (Hankasalmi) data.We consider events when the simultaneous EISCAT 42m and GPS data were available for the years 2010–2017, and in this paper we present, in detail, typical examples describing the overall picture, and we present the statistics for 120 events. We considered the dayside/cusp precipitation, substorm precipitation, daytime and nighttime PCPs, and precipitation associated with the interplanetary shock wave arrival. We demonstrate that substorm-associated precipitation (even without PCPs) can lead to a strong GPS phase (σ_ϕ) scintillations up to ∼ 1.5–3 radians, which is much stronger than those usually produced by other types of considered ionosphere disturbances. The value of the substorm-phase scintillations in general correlate with the value of the geomagnetic field disturbance. But sometimes even a small geomagnetic substorm, when combined with the PCPs, produces quite strong phase scintillations. Cusp phase scintillations are lower than dayside PCPs scintillations. PCPs can lead to stronger ROT (rate of total electron content) variations than other types of ionosphere disturbances. So our observations suggest that the substorms and PCPs, being different types of the high-latitude disturbances, lead to the development of different types and scales of ionospheric irregularities.

中文翻译：

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不同类型电离层扰动对极纬度GPS信号的影响

对比研究了不同类型的极光粒子降水和极冠斑块（PCPs）对极地电离层全球定位系统（GPS）信号扰动的影响。为此，我们使用了由奥斯陆大学运营的 Ny-Ålesund 和 Skibotn 的 GPS 闪烁接收器。极光粒子降水和极冠斑块的存在是通过使用来自斯瓦尔巴群岛的 EISCAT 42m 雷达的数据确定的。557.7 和 630.0 nm的光学极光观测 斯瓦尔巴群岛上的谱线也被用于探测电离层扰动。尖峰识别是使用 SuperDARN (Hankasalmi) 数据完成的。我们考虑了 2010-2017 年同时可用的 EISCAT 42m 和 GPS 数据时的事件，在本文中，我们详细介绍了描述整体情况的典型示例，我们提供了 120 个事件的统计数据。我们考虑了白天/尖峰降水、亚暴降水、白天和夜间 PCP 以及与行星际冲击波到达相关的降水。我们证明与亚暴相关的降水（即使没有 PCP）可以导致强烈的 GPS 相位（σ _ϕ）闪烁高达∼ 1.5-3 弧度，这比通常由其他类型的电离层扰动产生的要强得多。亚暴阶段闪烁的值通常与地磁场扰动的值相关。但有时即使是一个小的地磁亚暴，当与 PCP 结合时，也会产生相当强的相位闪烁。尖峰相闪烁低于日侧 PCP 闪烁。PCP 会导致比其他类型的电离层扰动更强的 ROT（总电子含量率）变化。因此，我们的观察表明，亚暴和PCP是不同类型的高纬度扰动，导致不同类型和规模的电离层不规则性的发展。