In the present study heavy metal contaminations in water and sediments of the Golmarz wetland in northwestern Iran were determined. Moreover, bio-monitoring of metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem and evaluating the role of some plant species in bioaccumulation and remediation of heavy metals from the environment were performed. The metal(loid) concentrations in water, sediment and plant samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). It was established that there was no metal contamination in water samples, but the sediments were highly contaminated by Se and As. Typha latifoila was able to accumulate large amount of Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn in its root and the amount of its enrichment coefficient of root for the elements was more than 1. Due to its large biomass and its high potential in elements uptake, T. latifolia was a suitable species for metal’s phytoremediation. Panicum maximum was capable to uptake and transporting Pb and Cd to its above-ground parts. Moreover, Scirpus lacustris showed good potential to accumulate of Cd and Pb in its root. The obtained results indicated that the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the amounts of phenol and flavonoids in three plant species were high in the most polluted sampling sites. Therefore, the plants try to adapt the existence of heavy metal by induction of their defense systems.

在本研究中，确定了伊朗西北部戈尔马兹湿地的水和沉积物中的重金属污染。此外，还对水生生态系统中的金属污染进行了生物监测，并评估了一些植物物种在环境中重金属的生物积累和修复中的作用。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP-MS) 测量水、沉积物和植物样品中的金属（液体）浓度。确定水样中没有金属污染，但沉积物被硒和砷严重污染。香蒲能够在根部积累大量的Cd、Pb、Ni、Zn，根系元素富集系数大于1。由于其生物量大，元素吸收潜力大，T.阔叶树是一种适合金属植物修复的树种。Panicum maximum能够吸收和运输 Pb 和 Cd 到其地上部分。此外，Scirpus lacustris在其根部显示出良好的 Cd 和 Pb 积累潜力。所得结果表明，在污染最严重的采样点，三种植物的抗氧化酶活性和酚类和黄酮类化合物的含量均较高。因此，植物试图通过诱导它们的防御系统来适应重金属的存在。