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Obesity and revision surgery, mortality, and patient-reported outcomes after primary knee replacement surgery in the National Joint Registry: A UK cohort study.
PLOS Medicine ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-16 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003704
Jonathan Thomas Evans 1 , Sofia Mouchti 1 , Ashley William Blom 1, 2 , Jeremy Mark Wilkinson 3 , Michael Richard Whitehouse 1, 2 , Andrew Beswick 1 , Andrew Judge 1, 2, 4
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND One in 10 people in the United Kingdom will need a total knee replacement (TKR) during their lifetime. Access to this life-changing operation has recently been restricted based on body mass index (BMI) due to belief that high BMI may lead to poorer outcomes. We investigated the associations between BMI and revision surgery, mortality, and pain/function using what we believe to be the world's largest joint replacement registry. METHODS AND FINDINGS We analysed 493,710 TKRs in the National Joint Registry (NJR) for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Man from 2005 to 2016 to investigate 90-day mortality and 10-year cumulative revision. Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) databases were linked to the NJR to investigate change in Oxford Knee Score (OKS) 6 months postoperatively. After adjustment for age, sex, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade, indication for operation, year of primary TKR, and fixation type, patients with high BMI were more likely to undergo revision surgery within 10 years compared to those with "normal" BMI (obese class II hazard ratio (HR) 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.32 (p < 0.001) and obese class III HR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26 (p = 0.026)). All BMI classes had revision estimates within the recognised 10-year benchmark of 5%. Overweight and obese class I patients had lower mortality than patients with "normal" BMI (HR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.90 (p = 0.001) and HR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.82 (p < 0.001)). All BMI categories saw absolute increases in OKS after 6 months (range 18-20 points). The relative improvement in OKS was lower in overweight and obese patients than those with "normal" BMI, but the difference was below the minimal detectable change (MDC; 4 points). The main limitations were missing BMI particularly in the early years of data collection and a potential selection bias effect of surgeons selecting the fitter patients with raised BMI for surgery. CONCLUSIONS Given revision estimates in all BMI groups below the recognised threshold, no evidence of increased mortality, and difference in change in OKS below the MDC, this large national registry shows no evidence of poorer outcomes in patients with high BMI. This study does not support rationing of TKR based on increased BMI.

中文翻译:

国家关节登记处首次膝关节置换手术后的肥胖和翻修手术、死亡率和患者报告的结果:英国队列研究。

背景 在英国,十分之一的人在其一生中需要进行全膝关节置换术 (TKR)。由于认为高 BMI 可能导致较差的结果,最近根据体重指数 (BMI) 限制了对这种改变生活的手术的访问。我们使用我们认为是世界上最大的关节置换登记处调查了 BMI 与翻修手术、死亡率和疼痛/功能之间的关联。方法和结果 我们分析了 2005 年至 2016 年英格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰和马恩岛的国家联合登记处 (NJR) 中的 493,710 例 TKR,以调查 90 天死亡率和 10 年累积修订。医院事件统计 (HES) 和患者报告结果测量 (PROM) 数据库与 NJR 相关联,以调查术后 6 个月牛津膝关节评分 (OKS) 的变化。在调整年龄、性别、美国麻醉医师协会 (ASA) 分级、手术指征、初次 TKR 的年份和固定类型后,与“正常”BMI 患者相比,BMI 高的患者在 10 年内更有可能进行翻修手术BMI(II 类肥胖风险比 (HR) 1.21,95% CI:1.10、1.32(p < 0.001)和 III 类肥胖 HR 1.13,95% CI:1.02、1.26(p = 0.026))。所有 BMI 等级的修订估计都在公认的 5% 的 10 年基准范围内。超重和肥胖 I 级患者的死亡率低于 BMI“正常”的患者(HR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.90 (p = 0.001) 和 HR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.82 (p < 0.001))。6 个月后,所有 BMI 类别的 OKS 绝对增加(范围 18-20 分)。超重和肥胖患者的 OKS 相对改善低于 BMI“正常”的患者,但差异低于可检测到的最小变化(MDC;4 分)。主要限制是缺少 BMI,特别是在数据收集的早期,以及外科医生选择 BMI 升高的更健康患者进行手术的潜在选择偏差效应。结论 鉴于所有 BMI 组的修正估计值低于公认的阈值,没有死亡率增加的证据,以及低于 MDC 的 OKS 变化的差异,这个大型国家登记处没有证据表明高 BMI 患者的预后较差。该研究不支持基于 BMI 增加的 TKR 配给。主要限制是缺少 BMI,特别是在数据收集的早期,以及外科医生选择 BMI 升高的更健康患者进行手术的潜在选择偏差效应。结论 鉴于所有 BMI 组的修正估计值低于公认的阈值,没有死亡率增加的证据,以及低于 MDC 的 OKS 变化的差异,这个大型国家登记处没有证据表明高 BMI 患者的预后较差。该研究不支持基于 BMI 增加的 TKR 配给。主要限制是缺少 BMI,特别是在数据收集的早期,以及外科医生选择 BMI 升高的更健康患者进行手术的潜在选择偏差效应。结论 鉴于所有 BMI 组的修正估计值低于公认的阈值,没有死亡率增加的证据,以及低于 MDC 的 OKS 变化的差异,这个大型国家登记处没有证据表明高 BMI 患者的预后较差。本研究不支持基于 BMI 增加的 TKR 配给。以及低于 MDC 的 OKS 变化差异,这个大型国家注册中心没有显示高 BMI 患者预后较差的证据。该研究不支持基于 BMI 增加的 TKR 配给。以及低于 MDC 的 OKS 变化差异,这个大型国家注册中心没有显示高 BMI 患者预后较差的证据。该研究不支持基于 BMI 增加的 TKR 配给。
更新日期:2021-07-16
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