In this paper, a comprehensive predictive model is established for the synergetic removal of fine particulate matter (PM) and SO₃ in the ultralow cold-side electrostatic precipitator (ESP). Based on the population balance model framework, the current model incorporates SO₃ condensation and coagulation in the low temperature economizer (LTE), as well as the quasi-1D dynamics of particle charging, migration, resuspension and deposition in the multi-staged ESP. Simplifications are made so that the resulting model can serve as a convenient software tool aiding the design and operation evaluation of the ultralow cold-side ESP. The model is validated against measurements of two coal-fired units with varied LTE outlet temperatures. In all cases, the predicted PM and SO₃ emissions escaping the ESP agree well with the test data, and the relative errors are less than 17%. Quantitatively, running LTE removes ~60% of ultrafine PM_0.1, and 80–95% of SO₃ condense onto the preexisting fly ash in the LTE, resulting in a $d_p^{-2}$ -dependence of sulfur content in the size-segregated ash particles. Notably, the emitted PM₁, PM₁₀ and SO₃ concentrations are largely reduced with lower LTE outlet temperatures; however, this promoting effect becomes marginal if further reducing the LTE outlet temperature under 100 °C. Finally, we conclude from a parametric analysis that the most important factor in the ultralow cold-side ESP is the flow residence time in the ESP, followed by the effects of intensified coagulation and elevated ash permittivity.

本文建立了超低冷侧静电除尘器(ESP)协同去除细颗粒物(PM)和SO ₃的综合预测模型。当前模型基于种群平衡模型框架，结合了低温省煤器 (LTE) 中的SO ₃冷凝和凝结，以及多级 ESP 中粒子充电、迁移、再悬浮和沉积的准一维动力学。简化后的模型可以作为一个方便的软件工具，帮助超低冷侧 ESP 的设计和运行评估。该模型针对具有不同 LTE 出口温度的两台燃煤机组的测量进行了验证。在所有情况下，预测的 PM 和 SO ₃ESP 逸出的排放量与试验数据吻合较好，相对误差小于 17%。从数量上讲，运行 LTE 可去除约 60% 的超细 PM _0.1，并且 80-95% 的 SO ₃凝结在 LTE 中预先存在的飞灰上，导致$d_{磷}^{-2}$-尺寸分离的灰颗粒中硫含量的依赖性。值得注意的是，随着LTE出口温度的降低，排放的PM ₁、PM ₁₀和SO ₃浓度大大降低；然而，如果进一步将 LTE 出口温度降低到 100 °C 以下，这种促进作用就会变得微不足道。最后，我们从参数分析得出结论，超低冷侧 ESP 中最重要的因素是 ESP 中的流动停留时间，其次是强化混凝和提高灰介电常数的影响。